Quiz Paradigm
Ans: a model; an example
Quiz Theory X
Ans: assumes that workers are basically lazy, error-prone, and extrinsically motivated by money
and, thus, should be directed from above.
Quiz Organizational Behavior Approach
Ans: Employees are complex, and theoretical understanding supported by research is needed
before applications are made to manage employees
Quiz One-eighth Situation
Ans: Only 1/8 of organizations buy into importance and value of human resources, incorporate high
performance work practices, and stick with these practices
Quiz knowing-doing gap
Ans: the gap between what people know and what they actually do
Quiz evidence-based management
Ans: Using hard facts and empirical evidence to make decisions
Quiz Hawthorne studies
, Ans: A series of studies during the 1920s and 1930s that provided new insights into individual and
group behavior
Quiz Hawthorne effect
Ans: productivity increases when workers are given special attention and were enjoying a novel,
interesting experienced
Quiz meta-analysis
Ans: A research technique that combines the statistical results of many studies of the same
question, yielding an estimate of the size and consistency of a variable's effects.
Quiz Theory
Ans: simplification of reality; why something occurs
Quiz Research design
Ans: Primary aim is to establish a cause-and-effect relationship; survey studies, case studies, and
experimental design
Quiz Experimental Design
Ans: Involves the manipulation of independent variables to measure their effect on, or the change
in, dependent variables, while everything else is held constant or controlled
Quiz Internal validity
Ans: exists if there are no plausible alternative explanations of the reported results other than those
reported
Quiz External validity