7/17/25, 8:38
AM
UNCG NTR: 213 EXAM #3 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
VERIFIED GRADED A++ 2025/2026
Terms in this set (122)
animal sources of meats (beef, poultry, pork, and fish) eggs,
protein and dairy
plant sources of nuts (almonds, walnuts, pecans,
protein cashews), legumes (peas, peanuts,
beans, soybeans), and grains
amino acids building blocks of proteins
parts of an amino carbon, hydrogen, acid group, amino
acid group (nitrogen containing) and a side
chain
20 how many amino acids commonly occur
naturally
9 how many amino acids are ESSENTIAL
11 how many amino acids are NONESSENTIAL
essential that cannot be made in the body, must be
consumes in the diet
a genetic disease in which phenylalanine
1/
16
,7/17/25, 8:38
AM
PKU cannot be metabolized normally
(phenylketonuria) * builds up in the blood
* can lead to brain damage
conditionally if the diet fails to provide phenylalanine,
essential amino acid or the person has PKU, tyrosine becomes
a
__________________________.
peptide bond is a chemical bond formed when the
amino group of one amino acid
binds with the acid group of the
other to create a peptide
alteration of a protein's three-dimensional
structure due to
denaturation * agitation, heat, acidic and basic
conditions, heavy medals, alchohols
and detergents
the protein no longer functions as
naturally did before
mouth mechanical digestion
stomach chemical digestion
hydrochloric acid denatures proteins in the stomach
(chemical digestion)
hydrochloric acid activates pepsinogen to pepsin
pepsin breaks peptide bonds leaving shorter
polypeptides
2/
16
, 7/17/25, 8:38
AM
small intestine where the majority of protein digestion
occurs (chemical)
pancreatic break down polypeptides for absorption
enzymes and
enzymes in the
microvilli
amino acid pool amino acids available for use in the body
(from diet or breakdown of body proteins)
genes a length of DNA that contains the
information needed to synthesize a
polypeptide chain
two steps of transcription and translation
protein synthesis
transcription a stretch of DNA (in the nucleus) is
used as a template to make a
strand of RNA (ribonucleic acid)
known as messenger RNA (mRNA)
translation the mRNA attaches itself to one of the
ribosomes (protein-making machine)
mRNA (messenger specifies the sequence in which the amino
RNA) acids lineup for synthesis for a protein
tRNA (transfer RNA) collects amino acids form the cell fluid
and brings them to the mRNA
* each of the 20 amino acids have a
specific one
3/
16
AM
UNCG NTR: 213 EXAM #3 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
VERIFIED GRADED A++ 2025/2026
Terms in this set (122)
animal sources of meats (beef, poultry, pork, and fish) eggs,
protein and dairy
plant sources of nuts (almonds, walnuts, pecans,
protein cashews), legumes (peas, peanuts,
beans, soybeans), and grains
amino acids building blocks of proteins
parts of an amino carbon, hydrogen, acid group, amino
acid group (nitrogen containing) and a side
chain
20 how many amino acids commonly occur
naturally
9 how many amino acids are ESSENTIAL
11 how many amino acids are NONESSENTIAL
essential that cannot be made in the body, must be
consumes in the diet
a genetic disease in which phenylalanine
1/
16
,7/17/25, 8:38
AM
PKU cannot be metabolized normally
(phenylketonuria) * builds up in the blood
* can lead to brain damage
conditionally if the diet fails to provide phenylalanine,
essential amino acid or the person has PKU, tyrosine becomes
a
__________________________.
peptide bond is a chemical bond formed when the
amino group of one amino acid
binds with the acid group of the
other to create a peptide
alteration of a protein's three-dimensional
structure due to
denaturation * agitation, heat, acidic and basic
conditions, heavy medals, alchohols
and detergents
the protein no longer functions as
naturally did before
mouth mechanical digestion
stomach chemical digestion
hydrochloric acid denatures proteins in the stomach
(chemical digestion)
hydrochloric acid activates pepsinogen to pepsin
pepsin breaks peptide bonds leaving shorter
polypeptides
2/
16
, 7/17/25, 8:38
AM
small intestine where the majority of protein digestion
occurs (chemical)
pancreatic break down polypeptides for absorption
enzymes and
enzymes in the
microvilli
amino acid pool amino acids available for use in the body
(from diet or breakdown of body proteins)
genes a length of DNA that contains the
information needed to synthesize a
polypeptide chain
two steps of transcription and translation
protein synthesis
transcription a stretch of DNA (in the nucleus) is
used as a template to make a
strand of RNA (ribonucleic acid)
known as messenger RNA (mRNA)
translation the mRNA attaches itself to one of the
ribosomes (protein-making machine)
mRNA (messenger specifies the sequence in which the amino
RNA) acids lineup for synthesis for a protein
tRNA (transfer RNA) collects amino acids form the cell fluid
and brings them to the mRNA
* each of the 20 amino acids have a
specific one
3/
16
