7/17/25, 8:58
AM
NTR 301 EXAM ONE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
VERIFIED GRADED A++ 2025/2026
Terms in this set (46)
● Nutrient: Provides NOURISHMENT
● Non-essential Nutrient: A nutrient
found in food but it doesn't have to be;
our BODIES CAN MAKE IT (ex:
cholesterol; made in liver)
Distinguish ● Essential Nutrient: A nutrient of which
between/among a food is the only or primary source; the
nutrient, an essential BODY CAN'T MAKE IT OR MAKE
nutrient, a ENOUGH OF IT (ex: vitamin c; scurvy
phytonutrient and a caused by deficiency)
nutraceutical and give ● Phytonutrient: Compounds found in
an example of each: food that aren't NECESSARY FOR
LIFE/GROWTH BUT MAY PROTECT
AGAINST CERTAIN DISEASES; found in
FRUITS
AND VEGETABLES (ex: lutein, lycopene,
clorophyl)
● Nutraceutical: Compounds
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AM
NATURALLY FOUND IN FOOD OR PUT
INTO FOOD that may PREVENT OR
TREAT diseases; probiotic aka
BACTERIA
● Approximately 45 NUTRIENTS
● Macronutrients: Present in the body in
LARGE AMOUNTS, daily requirements
that are relatively large, present in
Identify the 2 major food in relatively large amounts
categories of essential ● Large? Measured in grams; 28 G PER OUNCE
nutrients, explains ● Members? Protein, carbohydrates, lipids (fats),
the basis for their water
classification, and list ● Water CAN'T PROVIDE ENERGY
their members: (exception)
● Micronutrients: Present in the body in
SMALL AMOUNTS, daily requirements
that are relatively small, present in
food in relatively small amounts
● Small? MILLIGRAM (mg)= 1/1000thg
MICROGRAM (mcg)= 1/1000000thg
● Members? Vitamins, minerals
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AM
● Represents the ENERGY CONTENT of a food
● Calorie/kilocalorie
● Unit of heat equal to amount OF
ENERGY NECESSARY TO RAISE 1,000G
OF WATER BY 1 DEGREE C
Explain what a calorie ● Calorie content of a food? Measures
represents, list the POTENTIAL ENERGY within its
number of calories components macronutrients; energy
provided by a gram of RELEASED FROM MACRONUTRIENTS TO
carbohydrate, fat, FUEL METABOLIC PROCESSES
protein and alcohol, ● Carbohydrates: 1g= 4 cal
and calculate the ● Protein: 1g= 4 cal
total calories of a
● Fat: 1g= 9 cal
food
● Ethanol (alcohol): 1g= 7 cal
knowing its
● Total calorie content? MULTIPLE # of
macronutrient content:
grams by amount of calorie per gram
(above values) and ADD for total
● LEVELS OF INTAKE of essential nutrients
● Deficient, marginal, optimal, over-consumption,
excess
● Deficient: LITTLE OR NO intake
Define deficient, (amount) over WEEKS TO YEARS
marginal, over- (timeframe) resulting in a specific set of
consumption and symptoms (outcome) aka DEFICIENCY
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AM
excess; identify the DISEASES (ex: vitamin D and rickets),
type of effect that represent DIRECT CAUSE AND
results from each EFFECT relationship
level of ● Marginal: LESS THAN OPTIMAL intake
intake; the effect over YEARS resulting in increased risk
itself; the time for for CHRONIC DISEASES that are MULTI-
development; the FACTORIAL (many contributing factors)
nutrients of greatest (ex: cancer)
concern at each ● Optimal: Defined using DRI (dietary reference
level; and the levels intakes)
of intake most ● Over-consumption: GREATER THAN OPTIMAL
likely to occur in intake over YEARS resulting in
the US:
increased risk for CHRONIC DISEASES (indirect;
ex: saturated fat and heart disease)
● Excess: MUCH GREATER THAN OPTIMAL
intake over WEEKS TO YEARS that may
result in a specific SET OF EFFECTS (side
effects= reversible, toxic effects=
irreversible; direct)
● Defines optimal consumption of
macro/micronutrients
● Include? 1. Recommendations for
Identify the 3 VITAMINS, MINERALS, PROTEIN, FIBER
categories of DRIs (GRAM, MILLIGRAM, MICROGRAM
and how they are amounts; ABSOLUTE AMOUNTS by
4/34
AM
NTR 301 EXAM ONE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
VERIFIED GRADED A++ 2025/2026
Terms in this set (46)
● Nutrient: Provides NOURISHMENT
● Non-essential Nutrient: A nutrient
found in food but it doesn't have to be;
our BODIES CAN MAKE IT (ex:
cholesterol; made in liver)
Distinguish ● Essential Nutrient: A nutrient of which
between/among a food is the only or primary source; the
nutrient, an essential BODY CAN'T MAKE IT OR MAKE
nutrient, a ENOUGH OF IT (ex: vitamin c; scurvy
phytonutrient and a caused by deficiency)
nutraceutical and give ● Phytonutrient: Compounds found in
an example of each: food that aren't NECESSARY FOR
LIFE/GROWTH BUT MAY PROTECT
AGAINST CERTAIN DISEASES; found in
FRUITS
AND VEGETABLES (ex: lutein, lycopene,
clorophyl)
● Nutraceutical: Compounds
1/34
,7/17/25, 8:58
AM
NATURALLY FOUND IN FOOD OR PUT
INTO FOOD that may PREVENT OR
TREAT diseases; probiotic aka
BACTERIA
● Approximately 45 NUTRIENTS
● Macronutrients: Present in the body in
LARGE AMOUNTS, daily requirements
that are relatively large, present in
Identify the 2 major food in relatively large amounts
categories of essential ● Large? Measured in grams; 28 G PER OUNCE
nutrients, explains ● Members? Protein, carbohydrates, lipids (fats),
the basis for their water
classification, and list ● Water CAN'T PROVIDE ENERGY
their members: (exception)
● Micronutrients: Present in the body in
SMALL AMOUNTS, daily requirements
that are relatively small, present in
food in relatively small amounts
● Small? MILLIGRAM (mg)= 1/1000thg
MICROGRAM (mcg)= 1/1000000thg
● Members? Vitamins, minerals
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,7/17/25, 8:58
AM
● Represents the ENERGY CONTENT of a food
● Calorie/kilocalorie
● Unit of heat equal to amount OF
ENERGY NECESSARY TO RAISE 1,000G
OF WATER BY 1 DEGREE C
Explain what a calorie ● Calorie content of a food? Measures
represents, list the POTENTIAL ENERGY within its
number of calories components macronutrients; energy
provided by a gram of RELEASED FROM MACRONUTRIENTS TO
carbohydrate, fat, FUEL METABOLIC PROCESSES
protein and alcohol, ● Carbohydrates: 1g= 4 cal
and calculate the ● Protein: 1g= 4 cal
total calories of a
● Fat: 1g= 9 cal
food
● Ethanol (alcohol): 1g= 7 cal
knowing its
● Total calorie content? MULTIPLE # of
macronutrient content:
grams by amount of calorie per gram
(above values) and ADD for total
● LEVELS OF INTAKE of essential nutrients
● Deficient, marginal, optimal, over-consumption,
excess
● Deficient: LITTLE OR NO intake
Define deficient, (amount) over WEEKS TO YEARS
marginal, over- (timeframe) resulting in a specific set of
consumption and symptoms (outcome) aka DEFICIENCY
3/34
, 7/17/25, 8:58
AM
excess; identify the DISEASES (ex: vitamin D and rickets),
type of effect that represent DIRECT CAUSE AND
results from each EFFECT relationship
level of ● Marginal: LESS THAN OPTIMAL intake
intake; the effect over YEARS resulting in increased risk
itself; the time for for CHRONIC DISEASES that are MULTI-
development; the FACTORIAL (many contributing factors)
nutrients of greatest (ex: cancer)
concern at each ● Optimal: Defined using DRI (dietary reference
level; and the levels intakes)
of intake most ● Over-consumption: GREATER THAN OPTIMAL
likely to occur in intake over YEARS resulting in
the US:
increased risk for CHRONIC DISEASES (indirect;
ex: saturated fat and heart disease)
● Excess: MUCH GREATER THAN OPTIMAL
intake over WEEKS TO YEARS that may
result in a specific SET OF EFFECTS (side
effects= reversible, toxic effects=
irreversible; direct)
● Defines optimal consumption of
macro/micronutrients
● Include? 1. Recommendations for
Identify the 3 VITAMINS, MINERALS, PROTEIN, FIBER
categories of DRIs (GRAM, MILLIGRAM, MICROGRAM
and how they are amounts; ABSOLUTE AMOUNTS by
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