IEB GRADE 12 THEORY DEFINITIONS
AUDREY HU
2020
, Definition Chapter 1
Modular design Computer can be put together in pieces with your requirements in mind, instead of
consisting of a single unit in which all hardware fixed
Per component CPU operates faster than system clock by changing clock multiplication factor
The whole system System clock increased affecting all components that detect system clock and
multiply by a factor
SATA 1 First generation. Runs 1.5 Gbps. Bandwidth 150MB/s
SATA 2 First generation. Runs 3.0 Gbps. Bandwidth 300MB/s
SATA 3 First generation. Runs 6.0 Gbps. Bandwidth 600MB/s
buffer Holds data temporarily while in transit between CPU and peripheral
Data conversion Changing data into a form CPU can understand and vice versa
Protocol conversion Serial to parallel
Voltage conversion Convert voltage to perform different tasks
Contention ratio Maximum number of other people you will have to share connection
infrastructure with
Segmenting Network divided into different pieces joined together logically with bridges,
switches or routers. Reduces congestion in an overcrowded network by eliminating
shared collision domain
Talk time Total amount of time that you can make and receive calls on a fully charged mobile
phone before battery completely discharged
Standby time Total amount of time that you can leave your fully charged mobile phone turned
on to receive incoming calls before completely discharging the battery
Computing power How fast a machine can perform an operation
Power consumption Amount of power a computer consumes in unit time
Chapter 2
Cloud computing Providing of hosted services over the internet
Public cloud Sells services to anyone on the internet
Private cloud Supplies hosted services to a limited number of people
SaaS Software as a Service, provider supplies the hardware infrastructure and the
software product
Cloud backup Backing up data over the internet to an offsite server
Failover Procedure by which a system automatically transfers control to a duplicate system
when it detects a fault or failure
Virtualisation Process of creating a virtual rather than actual version of something
Virtual machine / guest Acts like real computer with an OS
machine
Hypervisor / Virtual Software that creates a virtual machine on the host hardware
machine manager VMM
Host machine Computer on which hypervisor is running one or more virtual machines
Server virtualisation Dozens of virtual servers can co-reside on the same computer
Network virtualisation Large physical network to be divided up into many smaller logical networks. All
separate resources of network combined to allow network administrators to share
them amongst users of network
VLAN Allows several networks to work virtually as a LAN. Provide segmentation
Storage virtualisation Resources of many different network storage devices pooled so it looks like they
are all in one big storage facility
Desktop virtualisation Separate a computer desktop environment from physical computer
Application Separating the application from the guest OS (abstraction) Encapsulating
virtualisation application within a virtual container
Chapter 3
Network file sharing Process of copying files from one computer to another using live network
connection
Internet file sharing Digital information shared by downloading, uploading or even both at same time
AUDREY HU
2020
, Definition Chapter 1
Modular design Computer can be put together in pieces with your requirements in mind, instead of
consisting of a single unit in which all hardware fixed
Per component CPU operates faster than system clock by changing clock multiplication factor
The whole system System clock increased affecting all components that detect system clock and
multiply by a factor
SATA 1 First generation. Runs 1.5 Gbps. Bandwidth 150MB/s
SATA 2 First generation. Runs 3.0 Gbps. Bandwidth 300MB/s
SATA 3 First generation. Runs 6.0 Gbps. Bandwidth 600MB/s
buffer Holds data temporarily while in transit between CPU and peripheral
Data conversion Changing data into a form CPU can understand and vice versa
Protocol conversion Serial to parallel
Voltage conversion Convert voltage to perform different tasks
Contention ratio Maximum number of other people you will have to share connection
infrastructure with
Segmenting Network divided into different pieces joined together logically with bridges,
switches or routers. Reduces congestion in an overcrowded network by eliminating
shared collision domain
Talk time Total amount of time that you can make and receive calls on a fully charged mobile
phone before battery completely discharged
Standby time Total amount of time that you can leave your fully charged mobile phone turned
on to receive incoming calls before completely discharging the battery
Computing power How fast a machine can perform an operation
Power consumption Amount of power a computer consumes in unit time
Chapter 2
Cloud computing Providing of hosted services over the internet
Public cloud Sells services to anyone on the internet
Private cloud Supplies hosted services to a limited number of people
SaaS Software as a Service, provider supplies the hardware infrastructure and the
software product
Cloud backup Backing up data over the internet to an offsite server
Failover Procedure by which a system automatically transfers control to a duplicate system
when it detects a fault or failure
Virtualisation Process of creating a virtual rather than actual version of something
Virtual machine / guest Acts like real computer with an OS
machine
Hypervisor / Virtual Software that creates a virtual machine on the host hardware
machine manager VMM
Host machine Computer on which hypervisor is running one or more virtual machines
Server virtualisation Dozens of virtual servers can co-reside on the same computer
Network virtualisation Large physical network to be divided up into many smaller logical networks. All
separate resources of network combined to allow network administrators to share
them amongst users of network
VLAN Allows several networks to work virtually as a LAN. Provide segmentation
Storage virtualisation Resources of many different network storage devices pooled so it looks like they
are all in one big storage facility
Desktop virtualisation Separate a computer desktop environment from physical computer
Application Separating the application from the guest OS (abstraction) Encapsulating
virtualisation application within a virtual container
Chapter 3
Network file sharing Process of copying files from one computer to another using live network
connection
Internet file sharing Digital information shared by downloading, uploading or even both at same time
