Portage Learning BIOD 171 Module 6 Questions and Answers Fully Solved Graded A+

Portage Learning BIOD 171 Module 6 Questions and Answers Fully Solved Graded A+ What is a viral capsid? - AnswersThe capsid is a membrane-like protective structure that contains the genetic material, similar to the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell. Can viruses be classified as either prokaryotic or eukaryotic? - AnswersNo. Viruses are neither prokaryotic nor eukaryotic. What is the viral envelope, and what does the presence (or absence) of it tell you about the type of virus? - AnswersThe viral envelope surrounds the viral capsid and serves as an additional barrier to the external environment. The majority of animal viruses are enveloped where as plant or bacteria infecting viruses are not. What type of microscope would be used to study the shape of a viral capsid? - AnswersDue to its size (~30-150 nm) most viral capsids must be visualized via electron microscopy. How does the viral envelope both aid in cell entry as well as hide it from being detected by the immune system? - AnswersIt contains the proteins required for interaction with host cells. As the envelope is derived from the host cell, this camouflages the virus and makes it appear similar to the normal host cell. What must happen before viral replication of its genome can occur? - AnswersThe genome is replicated following attachment and entry What is an obligate intracellular parasite? - AnswersViruses cannot replicate unless inside a living host cell. A virus depends on its living host to provide the framework to replicate. Describe the basic steps of the viral life cycle. - Answers1. Attachment: Viral receptors bind to host proteins on the surface of the cell. 2. Entry: The virus fuses with the host membrane and enters the cell 3. Uncoating: (where applicable) the viral capsid disassembles 4. Replication: The viral genome provides the 'blueprint' to make copies of itself 5. Exit: New viruses are produced and leave the cell 6. New infection: Newly produced viruses leave the host cell and go on to infect new cells. The process outlined above now restarts. What is a bacteriophage? - AnswersA virus that infects bacteria What structural aspects make bacteriophages distinct from viruses that infect either animals or plants? - AnswersThey have an icosahedral capsid head and a helical tail. Which viral replicative process results in the destruction of the host cell? - AnswersThe lytic replication cycle Describe the appearance of a bacterial culture infected with virus at the time of infection versus later once viral replication is occurring at a high rate. - AnswersIt turns from a turbid to clear, the bacterial cell numbers decrease due to lysis and the media becomes clearer. To what family of viruses does rubella come from and how is it transmitted? - AnswersRubella comes from Togaviridae and it is transmitted by air-borne particles. What is the common name for rubeola, and is it a DNA or RNA virus? - AnswersIt is commonly