Fundamentals of Criminal Investigation
Final Exam
Causes of Child Death ANS: The most common cause of child deaths is physical abuse, often
perpetrated by the parents.
Causes of Child Death ANS: Physical abuse, burn injuries, SIDS, traumatic brain injuries, shaken baby
syndrome, Münchausen syndrome by proxy, etc.
Child Abuse Implementation ANS: -Each state mandates that suspected abuse to neglect must be
reported
-nurses are legally responsible for reporting child abuse to the appropriate child protective agency
-social workers, medical and mental health professionals, teachers, and childcare providers are also
legally responsible
Scald Burns ANS: The most common type of burn injury to a child caused by hot liquids.
Spill/Splash Injuries ANS: These occur when a hot liquid falls from a height onto the victim.
Contact Burns ANS: These occur when a child's skin comes into contact with a flame or a hot solid
object.
Characteristics of SIDS ANS: -Usually normal state of nutrition and hydration, blood-tinged, frothy fluids
around mouth and nostrils indicative of pulmonary edema, vomitus on face, diaper wet/full, bruise like
marks on head or body
Shaken Baby Syndrome ANS: The severe intentional application of violent force (shaking), in one or
more episodes, that results in intracranial injuries to the child.
,Münchausen Syndrome by Proxy ANS: a parent or caretaker suffering from Münchausen syndrome
attempts to elicit medical attention for him/herself by injuring or inducing illness in a child.
Regressed Offender ANS: A regressed offender usually has low self-esteem and poor coping skills; he
turns to children as a sexual substitute for the preferred peer sex partner.
Situational Child Molester ANS: does not have a true sexual preference for children, but engages in sex
with children with varied and sometimes complex reasons.
Developmental Issues in Allegations of Sexual Abuse ANS: Three developmental issues: First is the
child's developmental level relative to other children in his or her age group, second is the child's
developmental level with regard to sexuality, lastly is the child's ability to respond adequately to
interviews and to testify in court.
Child Pornography Uses ANS: Used for the sexual arousal and gratification of pedophiles, they use child
pornography to feed sexual fantasies. Child pornography is also used to lower children's inhibitions, as
well as blackmail, exchange, and profit.
Bullying ANS: aggressive behavior or intentional harm by an individual or group repeated over time that
involves an imbalance of power and it can be verbal, physical, or even psychological.
AMBER Plan ANS: A voluntary partnership between law enforcement agencies and broadcasters to
activate an urgent news bulletin in the most serious child abduction cases.
Threats and Intent to Harm ANS: A threat is an expression of the intent to do harm or act out violently
against someone or something. All threats and all threateners are not equal and that most threateners
are unlikely to carry out their threats, but should be taken seriously and evaluated
Conditional Threat ANS: Warns that a violent act will happen unless certain demands or terms are met.
,Rapid Response Deployment ANS: This approach focuses on training patrol officers in the principles and
tactics of rapid deployment for responding to critical incidents, especially incidents of school violence.
T-Visa ANS: is available for victims who self-petition to stay in the U.S. for up to four years if they can
show the following: they have been a victim of severe form of trafficking, they have complied with
reasonable requests to assist in the investigation or prosecution of their case, are physically present in
the U.S. on account of trafficking, and would suffer severe hardship if repatriated.
The Innocence Lost Initiative ANS: a collaboration of federal and state law enforcement authorities and
victim-assistance providers focused on combating the prostitution of children
Seasoning ANS: Meant to break her will and separate her from her previous life so she does not know
where to turn for help.
Smuggling ANS: Occurs when someone is paid to assist another in the illegal crossing of borders.
Defining Trafficking ANS: It is not voluntary, entails forced exploitation, need not entail the physical
movement of a person, can occur domestically, is a crime against the right of each person to be free
from involuntary servitude
Reverse Sting ANS: The most commonly used tactic to address demand for commercial sex, it's police
special operations that feature one or more female police officers serving as a decoy to await being
approached by those attempting to purchase sex
Defining Robbery ANS: robbery resides in its economics, its frequency, its resistance to investigative
efforts, the fear it creates, and the potential for violence that accompanies it.
Elements of Robbery ANS: A robbery consists of taking and carrying away of personal property of
another with the intent to deprive the victim permanently by the use of force, fear, or threat of force.
, Robbery Styles ANS: ambush, selective raid, planned operation
Ambush ANS: Involves virtually no planning and depends almost entirely on the element of surprise
Selective Raid ANS: Characterized by a minimal amount of casual planning, sites are tentatively selected
and very briefly cased, possible routes of approach and flight are formulated, scores vary from low to
moderate, and several robberies may be committed in rapid succession
Muggings ANS: strong-armed robberies which no weapons are involved and they suddenly physically
attack the victim, taking valuables
Home-Invasion Robberies ANS: Typically target the person, rather than the residence, often selecting
women and senior citizens. Invaders often follow targets home, they may enter the residence through
an unlocked door or window or may even just force open an entry way.
Truck Hijacking ANS: Committed by experienced armed robbers acting
on inside information, involve collusion on the part of the driver with those committing the robbery in
many instances, and happen in or near large cities because it is easy to dispose of the goods there
Action Stereotyping ANS: Occurs when the officers' expectations are set to see one thing and this closes
their minds to other eventualities. For example, the responding officer may expect the suspect to come
rushing out of the store, hop into a car, and speed away.
Physical Stereotyping ANS: Is an officer's expectations that the robber will be of a particular description.
Such stereotypes may allow the suspect to escape or be fatal to officers.
Situational Stereotyping ANS: The officers' previous experience with, and knowledge of, a particular
location increases their vulnerability.
Final Exam
Causes of Child Death ANS: The most common cause of child deaths is physical abuse, often
perpetrated by the parents.
Causes of Child Death ANS: Physical abuse, burn injuries, SIDS, traumatic brain injuries, shaken baby
syndrome, Münchausen syndrome by proxy, etc.
Child Abuse Implementation ANS: -Each state mandates that suspected abuse to neglect must be
reported
-nurses are legally responsible for reporting child abuse to the appropriate child protective agency
-social workers, medical and mental health professionals, teachers, and childcare providers are also
legally responsible
Scald Burns ANS: The most common type of burn injury to a child caused by hot liquids.
Spill/Splash Injuries ANS: These occur when a hot liquid falls from a height onto the victim.
Contact Burns ANS: These occur when a child's skin comes into contact with a flame or a hot solid
object.
Characteristics of SIDS ANS: -Usually normal state of nutrition and hydration, blood-tinged, frothy fluids
around mouth and nostrils indicative of pulmonary edema, vomitus on face, diaper wet/full, bruise like
marks on head or body
Shaken Baby Syndrome ANS: The severe intentional application of violent force (shaking), in one or
more episodes, that results in intracranial injuries to the child.
,Münchausen Syndrome by Proxy ANS: a parent or caretaker suffering from Münchausen syndrome
attempts to elicit medical attention for him/herself by injuring or inducing illness in a child.
Regressed Offender ANS: A regressed offender usually has low self-esteem and poor coping skills; he
turns to children as a sexual substitute for the preferred peer sex partner.
Situational Child Molester ANS: does not have a true sexual preference for children, but engages in sex
with children with varied and sometimes complex reasons.
Developmental Issues in Allegations of Sexual Abuse ANS: Three developmental issues: First is the
child's developmental level relative to other children in his or her age group, second is the child's
developmental level with regard to sexuality, lastly is the child's ability to respond adequately to
interviews and to testify in court.
Child Pornography Uses ANS: Used for the sexual arousal and gratification of pedophiles, they use child
pornography to feed sexual fantasies. Child pornography is also used to lower children's inhibitions, as
well as blackmail, exchange, and profit.
Bullying ANS: aggressive behavior or intentional harm by an individual or group repeated over time that
involves an imbalance of power and it can be verbal, physical, or even psychological.
AMBER Plan ANS: A voluntary partnership between law enforcement agencies and broadcasters to
activate an urgent news bulletin in the most serious child abduction cases.
Threats and Intent to Harm ANS: A threat is an expression of the intent to do harm or act out violently
against someone or something. All threats and all threateners are not equal and that most threateners
are unlikely to carry out their threats, but should be taken seriously and evaluated
Conditional Threat ANS: Warns that a violent act will happen unless certain demands or terms are met.
,Rapid Response Deployment ANS: This approach focuses on training patrol officers in the principles and
tactics of rapid deployment for responding to critical incidents, especially incidents of school violence.
T-Visa ANS: is available for victims who self-petition to stay in the U.S. for up to four years if they can
show the following: they have been a victim of severe form of trafficking, they have complied with
reasonable requests to assist in the investigation or prosecution of their case, are physically present in
the U.S. on account of trafficking, and would suffer severe hardship if repatriated.
The Innocence Lost Initiative ANS: a collaboration of federal and state law enforcement authorities and
victim-assistance providers focused on combating the prostitution of children
Seasoning ANS: Meant to break her will and separate her from her previous life so she does not know
where to turn for help.
Smuggling ANS: Occurs when someone is paid to assist another in the illegal crossing of borders.
Defining Trafficking ANS: It is not voluntary, entails forced exploitation, need not entail the physical
movement of a person, can occur domestically, is a crime against the right of each person to be free
from involuntary servitude
Reverse Sting ANS: The most commonly used tactic to address demand for commercial sex, it's police
special operations that feature one or more female police officers serving as a decoy to await being
approached by those attempting to purchase sex
Defining Robbery ANS: robbery resides in its economics, its frequency, its resistance to investigative
efforts, the fear it creates, and the potential for violence that accompanies it.
Elements of Robbery ANS: A robbery consists of taking and carrying away of personal property of
another with the intent to deprive the victim permanently by the use of force, fear, or threat of force.
, Robbery Styles ANS: ambush, selective raid, planned operation
Ambush ANS: Involves virtually no planning and depends almost entirely on the element of surprise
Selective Raid ANS: Characterized by a minimal amount of casual planning, sites are tentatively selected
and very briefly cased, possible routes of approach and flight are formulated, scores vary from low to
moderate, and several robberies may be committed in rapid succession
Muggings ANS: strong-armed robberies which no weapons are involved and they suddenly physically
attack the victim, taking valuables
Home-Invasion Robberies ANS: Typically target the person, rather than the residence, often selecting
women and senior citizens. Invaders often follow targets home, they may enter the residence through
an unlocked door or window or may even just force open an entry way.
Truck Hijacking ANS: Committed by experienced armed robbers acting
on inside information, involve collusion on the part of the driver with those committing the robbery in
many instances, and happen in or near large cities because it is easy to dispose of the goods there
Action Stereotyping ANS: Occurs when the officers' expectations are set to see one thing and this closes
their minds to other eventualities. For example, the responding officer may expect the suspect to come
rushing out of the store, hop into a car, and speed away.
Physical Stereotyping ANS: Is an officer's expectations that the robber will be of a particular description.
Such stereotypes may allow the suspect to escape or be fatal to officers.
Situational Stereotyping ANS: The officers' previous experience with, and knowledge of, a particular
location increases their vulnerability.
