CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY MIDTERM
EXAM NEWEST 2024 ACTUAL EXAM 100 QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+
Fatty acids can be saturated or unsaturated based on the structure of the bonds
between carbon atoms, but they will always be composed of a carboxyl group (—
COOH) on one end and a nonpolar _______ tail that may be 16-18 carbons long. -
answer-Hydrocarbon
Phospholipids have opposing chemical properties on their two ends: one end is
hydrophobic and one end is hydrophilic. The term for this is _______. -
answerAmphipathic
_______ are macromolecules that are constructed from chains of amino acids
linked together and folded up into complex, specific shapes that have numerous
functions within the cell. - answer-Proteins
Amino _______ are the basic building blocks (monomers) of proteins, joined
together by peptide bonds to form a polypeptide chain. - answer-Acids _______
acids usually end in -ine, for example, glycine, cysteine, and lysine. There are 20 of
these in all, and they link together to form polypeptide chains. - answerAmino
What makes an amino acid an amino acid? - answer-The presence of an amino
group (-NH2) and a carboxyl group (-COOH)
In organic chemistry, a __________ group is composed of an oxygen atom
covalently bonded to a hydrogen atom (-OH). This functional group is
characteristic of alcohols like methanol, ethanol, and butanol. - answer-Hydroxyl
,In organic chemistry, a ____________ group consists of a carbon atom
doublebonded to an oxygen atom: C=O. - answer-Carbonyl
In organic chemistry, a ____________ (or "thiol) functional group consists of a
carbon atom covalently bonded to sulfer (-SH). This strong garlic-smelling odor is
added to natural gas (a toxic gas that is undetectable to humans) so that people
can be warned if there is a leak. - answer-Sulfhydryl
An inorganic chemical compound called ____________, which is found in organic
organisms, is most commonly found attached to adenosine in ATP, and on the
backbone of DNA and RNA. - answer-Phosphate
A functional group made of an alkyl group (organic chemical rich in carbon and
hydrogen) in the form of (-CH3) is called a ________ group. - answer-Methyl
High heat, changes in pH, or incorrect salt concentrations can cause a protein to
be _______; that is, it loses its 3D shape as the bonds between the amino acids
get broken and the chain loses its structure. - answer-Denatured
The macromolecule that holds information to code for the instructions needed to
make proteins and other elements necessary to construct a living organism is
called a _______ _______. - answer-Nucleic Acid
Each nucleotide has one of five nitrogenous bases: adenine (A), thymine (T),
cytosine (C), guanine (G), and _______. - answer-Uracil (U)
In addition to a nitrogenous base, each nucleotide is also composed of a 5-carbon
sugar and a phosphate group. This sugar, called ribose in RNA, is called _______ in
, DNA (because the sugar molecule has one less oxygen atom). -
answerDeoxyribose
In DNA strands, adenine (A) always pairs with thymine (T) and cytosine (C) always
pairs with guanine (G). Take the following hypothetical strand of DNA and create
the corresponding strand that would pair with it. 3'ACAGGTCAT5' _______
(Include the 3' and 5'.) - answer-5'TGTCCAGTA3'
James _______ and Francis Crick were the scientists who first discovered the
double-helix structure of the DNA molecule. - answer-Watson
In the fields of biology and chemistry, the word organic refers to which of the
following? - answer-Compounds containing carbon
In 1953, Stanley Miller and Harold Urey conducted their famous experiment that
simulated the conditions of early earth in a test tube. Sparks discharged into a
mixture of hydrogen gas, methane, ammonia, and water vapor resulted in the
formation of various _______ compounds. - answer-Organic
In order for the first life to have arisen, it was necessary to have the right
atmospheric conditions, temperature, and pH, but above all, life could not have
arisen without the existence of _______. - answer-Water
All living things are made up of one or more cells. Cells fall into one of two broad
categories. _______ cells are characterized by being smaller, single-celled
organisms that reproduce by binary fission rather than mitosis or meiosis. They
have no membrane around their DNA and no membrane-bound organelles. -
answer-Prokaryotic
EXAM NEWEST 2024 ACTUAL EXAM 100 QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+
Fatty acids can be saturated or unsaturated based on the structure of the bonds
between carbon atoms, but they will always be composed of a carboxyl group (—
COOH) on one end and a nonpolar _______ tail that may be 16-18 carbons long. -
answer-Hydrocarbon
Phospholipids have opposing chemical properties on their two ends: one end is
hydrophobic and one end is hydrophilic. The term for this is _______. -
answerAmphipathic
_______ are macromolecules that are constructed from chains of amino acids
linked together and folded up into complex, specific shapes that have numerous
functions within the cell. - answer-Proteins
Amino _______ are the basic building blocks (monomers) of proteins, joined
together by peptide bonds to form a polypeptide chain. - answer-Acids _______
acids usually end in -ine, for example, glycine, cysteine, and lysine. There are 20 of
these in all, and they link together to form polypeptide chains. - answerAmino
What makes an amino acid an amino acid? - answer-The presence of an amino
group (-NH2) and a carboxyl group (-COOH)
In organic chemistry, a __________ group is composed of an oxygen atom
covalently bonded to a hydrogen atom (-OH). This functional group is
characteristic of alcohols like methanol, ethanol, and butanol. - answer-Hydroxyl
,In organic chemistry, a ____________ group consists of a carbon atom
doublebonded to an oxygen atom: C=O. - answer-Carbonyl
In organic chemistry, a ____________ (or "thiol) functional group consists of a
carbon atom covalently bonded to sulfer (-SH). This strong garlic-smelling odor is
added to natural gas (a toxic gas that is undetectable to humans) so that people
can be warned if there is a leak. - answer-Sulfhydryl
An inorganic chemical compound called ____________, which is found in organic
organisms, is most commonly found attached to adenosine in ATP, and on the
backbone of DNA and RNA. - answer-Phosphate
A functional group made of an alkyl group (organic chemical rich in carbon and
hydrogen) in the form of (-CH3) is called a ________ group. - answer-Methyl
High heat, changes in pH, or incorrect salt concentrations can cause a protein to
be _______; that is, it loses its 3D shape as the bonds between the amino acids
get broken and the chain loses its structure. - answer-Denatured
The macromolecule that holds information to code for the instructions needed to
make proteins and other elements necessary to construct a living organism is
called a _______ _______. - answer-Nucleic Acid
Each nucleotide has one of five nitrogenous bases: adenine (A), thymine (T),
cytosine (C), guanine (G), and _______. - answer-Uracil (U)
In addition to a nitrogenous base, each nucleotide is also composed of a 5-carbon
sugar and a phosphate group. This sugar, called ribose in RNA, is called _______ in
, DNA (because the sugar molecule has one less oxygen atom). -
answerDeoxyribose
In DNA strands, adenine (A) always pairs with thymine (T) and cytosine (C) always
pairs with guanine (G). Take the following hypothetical strand of DNA and create
the corresponding strand that would pair with it. 3'ACAGGTCAT5' _______
(Include the 3' and 5'.) - answer-5'TGTCCAGTA3'
James _______ and Francis Crick were the scientists who first discovered the
double-helix structure of the DNA molecule. - answer-Watson
In the fields of biology and chemistry, the word organic refers to which of the
following? - answer-Compounds containing carbon
In 1953, Stanley Miller and Harold Urey conducted their famous experiment that
simulated the conditions of early earth in a test tube. Sparks discharged into a
mixture of hydrogen gas, methane, ammonia, and water vapor resulted in the
formation of various _______ compounds. - answer-Organic
In order for the first life to have arisen, it was necessary to have the right
atmospheric conditions, temperature, and pH, but above all, life could not have
arisen without the existence of _______. - answer-Water
All living things are made up of one or more cells. Cells fall into one of two broad
categories. _______ cells are characterized by being smaller, single-celled
organisms that reproduce by binary fission rather than mitosis or meiosis. They
have no membrane around their DNA and no membrane-bound organelles. -
answer-Prokaryotic
