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Real Questions & Detailed Rationales
Bacteria reproduce asexually by _______.
binary fission. During binary fission the chromosome will attach itself to the plasma membrane
and copy itself. As the cell grows, it splits in half, each half taking a chromosome. This makes
two identical cells.
Some bacteria have loops of plasma known as
plasmids
Many important processes happen in the ______, including glycolysis, protein synthesis,
mitosis, and meiosis.
cytoplasm
the organelle where aerobic (with oxygen) cellular respiration takes place to make ATP.
mitochondria; Muscle cells need a lot of energy and usually have more mitochondria than other
types of cells
provide passageways through the membrane for water-soluble substances.
Channel proteins
spend energy (ATP) to transfer materials across the membrane.
Transport proteins
initiate specific cell responses once hormones or other trigger molecules bind to them.
Receptor proteins
move electrons from one molecule to another.
Electron transfer proteins
protein attachments between adjacent cells. Hold together tissues that undergo
considerable stress (skin and heart muscle).
Desmosomes
tightly stitched seams between cells. Completely encircles each cell, preventing the
movement of material between the cell.
Tight Junctions
, 11:08:34 AM NLN EXAM Friday, July 25, 2025
narrow tunnels between cells that consist of proteins called connexons. Proteins only allow
ions and small molecules to pass through.
Gap Junctions
____ is the movement of substances from higher concentration to lower concentration..
Diffusion
diffusion of water molecules across a semi-permeable membrane.
Osmosis
diffusion of solutes across a semi-permeable membrane.
Dialysis
diffusion of solutes though channel proteins in the plasma membrane
Facilitated Diffusion
In _______, homologous chromosomes pair at the metaphase plate and then migrate to
opposite poles.
meiosis I
In ________, chromosomes spread across the metaphase plate, and the chromatids separate
and migrate to opposite poles
meiosis II
During ________, crossing over of homologous chromosomes helps create natural genetic
variation.
Prophase I
Radiation or chemicals that cause mutations are called _______.
mutagens
are short extensions of the cell that feel stimuli.
Dendrites
is a long extension of the body that sends stimuli.
Axon
Which type of tissue provides support and structure for the organs?
Connective tissue