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HESI A2 Cell Biology Exam Bank
Mitosis, Organelles and Cell
Structures Mastery
Table of Contents
Subtopic 1: Overview of Cell Theory and Types of Cells...................................2
Subtopic 2: Structure and Function of Cell Organelles.....................................9
Subtopic 3: Cell Membrane Structure and Transport Mechanisms.................17
Subtopic 4: Cell Division – Mitosis, Cytokinesis, and Regulation....................24
Subtopic 5: Differences Between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells...............32
Subtopic 6: Genetic Material and Chromosome Structure.............................40
Subtopic 7: Organelles in Protein Synthesis and Processing..........................47
Subtopic 8: Cell Cycle Regulation and Checkpoints.......................................55
Subtopic 9: Specialized Cell Structures and Adaptations...............................62
Subtopic 10: Experimental Techniques and Microscopy in Cell Biology.........70
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Subtopic 1: Overview of Cell Theory and Types
of Cells
(Questions 1–20)
1. Which of the following statements is part of the modern cell theory?
A. Only animals are composed of cells
B. All living organisms are made up of one or more cells
C. Cells can spontaneously generate from non-living matter
D. Not all cells carry genetic material
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Modern cell theory states that all living organisms are composed
of one or more cells, cells are the basic units of life, and all cells arise from
pre-existing cells.
2. Which type of cell does not contain a membrane-bound nucleus?
A. Prokaryotic
B. Eukaryotic
C. Fungal
D. Plant
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria, lack a membrane-bound
nucleus. Their DNA floats freely in the cytoplasm.
3. Which of the following distinguishes eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic
cells?
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A. Presence of cytoplasm
B. Membrane-bound organelles
C. Presence of a cell wall
D. Use of DNA for genetic information
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, such as the
nucleus and mitochondria, while prokaryotic cells do not.
4. What structure do both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have in common?
A. Nucleus
B. Mitochondria
C. Cell membrane
D. Chloroplasts
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Both types of cells have a cell membrane that regulates what
enters and leaves the cell.
5. What is the primary function of ribosomes?
A. DNA replication
B. ATP production
C. Protein synthesis
D. Lipid metabolism
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Ribosomes are responsible for synthesizing proteins using mRNA
as a template.
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6. Which scientist first observed cells in cork tissue?
A. Louis Pasteur
B. Anton van Leeuwenhoek
C. Robert Hooke
D. Matthias Schleiden
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Robert Hooke coined the term "cell" when he observed cork tissue
under a microscope in 1665.
7. What kind of cells are human skin cells classified as?
A. Prokaryotic
B. Eukaryotic
C. Archaeal
D. Viral
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Human skin cells are eukaryotic, meaning they have a nucleus
and organelles.
8. Which of the following is not a feature of all cells?
A. DNA
B. Nucleus
C. Ribosomes
D. Cytoplasm
HESI A2 Cell Biology Exam Bank
Mitosis, Organelles and Cell
Structures Mastery
Table of Contents
Subtopic 1: Overview of Cell Theory and Types of Cells...................................2
Subtopic 2: Structure and Function of Cell Organelles.....................................9
Subtopic 3: Cell Membrane Structure and Transport Mechanisms.................17
Subtopic 4: Cell Division – Mitosis, Cytokinesis, and Regulation....................24
Subtopic 5: Differences Between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells...............32
Subtopic 6: Genetic Material and Chromosome Structure.............................40
Subtopic 7: Organelles in Protein Synthesis and Processing..........................47
Subtopic 8: Cell Cycle Regulation and Checkpoints.......................................55
Subtopic 9: Specialized Cell Structures and Adaptations...............................62
Subtopic 10: Experimental Techniques and Microscopy in Cell Biology.........70
, 2
Subtopic 1: Overview of Cell Theory and Types
of Cells
(Questions 1–20)
1. Which of the following statements is part of the modern cell theory?
A. Only animals are composed of cells
B. All living organisms are made up of one or more cells
C. Cells can spontaneously generate from non-living matter
D. Not all cells carry genetic material
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Modern cell theory states that all living organisms are composed
of one or more cells, cells are the basic units of life, and all cells arise from
pre-existing cells.
2. Which type of cell does not contain a membrane-bound nucleus?
A. Prokaryotic
B. Eukaryotic
C. Fungal
D. Plant
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria, lack a membrane-bound
nucleus. Their DNA floats freely in the cytoplasm.
3. Which of the following distinguishes eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic
cells?
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A. Presence of cytoplasm
B. Membrane-bound organelles
C. Presence of a cell wall
D. Use of DNA for genetic information
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, such as the
nucleus and mitochondria, while prokaryotic cells do not.
4. What structure do both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have in common?
A. Nucleus
B. Mitochondria
C. Cell membrane
D. Chloroplasts
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Both types of cells have a cell membrane that regulates what
enters and leaves the cell.
5. What is the primary function of ribosomes?
A. DNA replication
B. ATP production
C. Protein synthesis
D. Lipid metabolism
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Ribosomes are responsible for synthesizing proteins using mRNA
as a template.
, 4
6. Which scientist first observed cells in cork tissue?
A. Louis Pasteur
B. Anton van Leeuwenhoek
C. Robert Hooke
D. Matthias Schleiden
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Robert Hooke coined the term "cell" when he observed cork tissue
under a microscope in 1665.
7. What kind of cells are human skin cells classified as?
A. Prokaryotic
B. Eukaryotic
C. Archaeal
D. Viral
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Human skin cells are eukaryotic, meaning they have a nucleus
and organelles.
8. Which of the following is not a feature of all cells?
A. DNA
B. Nucleus
C. Ribosomes
D. Cytoplasm
