FINAL EXAM LATEST WITH ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
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Beneficiation - answer-A commitment to reserve a portion of the resources
derived from any country for the economic development of that country.
Blemish - answer-Clarity characteristic that's confined to the surface of a
polished gemstone. Characteristic or irregularity confined to the surface of a
polished gemstone.
Blockchain - answer-A shared, unalterable ledger used to record transactions
and track assets through a supply chain or business network.
Blocking - answer-Placing the first 17 or 18 facets on a diamond, including the
crown and pavilion main facets, table, and sometimes a culet.
,Crystal planes - answer-Any set of parallel and evenly spaced planes
distributed along certain crystal directions in which atoms are most likely
packed.
Crystal shape (form) - answer-Geometric shape of a well-formed crystal.
Crystal structure (lattice) - answer-Regular, repeating arrangement of atoms in
a mineral.
Crystal systems - answer-Categories of crystals based on their symmetry and
internal structure.
Cuboctahedron - answer-A crystal with both octahedral and cubic faces.
Culet size - answer-The size of the facet at the bottom of the diamond where
the pavilion mains meet.
Cutting style - answer-The arrangement of a gem's facets.
Darkfield illumination - answer-Lighting of a diamond or gemstone from the
side against a black, non-reflective background.
Defect - answer-An imperfection or deviation from the ideal crystal lattice.
Dense media separation - answer-A recovery process that separates diamonds
from lighter material. Also called heavy media separation.
,Depth of color - answer-The combination of tone and saturation that
determines how noticeable a color is.
Depth of field - answer-The distance that's clear and sharp above and below a
point you focus on with a magnifier. The distance thatÍs clear and sharp in
front of and behind the point you focus on.
Design - answer-A diamond's physical shape, including its proportions and
durability, determined by decisions made during the fashioning process.
Diamantaire - answer-A knowledgeable, experienced, and successful person,
usually a dealer or manufacturer, in the diamond trade.
Diamond exchange - answer-A membership-based entity that provides service
and venue to facilitate diamond trading.
Diamond simulant - answer-Any material that is not diamond or lab-grown
diamond, but which imitates a diamond's appearance and is used in its place.
Diamond trading company-DTC - answer-The marketing and sales arm of De
Beers (the CSO was its predecessor).
Diamond value chain - answer-A sequence of sectors and processes involved in
the production and distribution of diamonds.
, Digging out - answer-A weight-retention method where the cutter leaves more
girdle thickness to allow for later removal of clarity characteristics around the
girdle.
Dispersion - answer-The separation of white light into spectral colors. An
optical property that's the difference between the RI values of specific violet
and red wavelengths of visible light for a given material.
Dop - answer-A holder that secures a diamond during sawing, bruting, or
polishing.
Doublet - answer-Two separate pieces of material fused or cemented together
to form a single assembled stone
Bort - answer-A form of industrial-grade diamond that usually occurs as very
included single crystals in a range of yellows, grays, and browns.
Bow-tie - answer-A dark area across the center of an elongated brilliant cut.
Brightfield illumination - answer-Lighting a diamondfrom below to create a
bright background.