WALDEN UNIVERSITY ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM EXAM
WALDEN UNIVERSITY ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM
EXAM NEWEST 2025/2026 COMPLETE 150 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY
GRADED A+
What principle should the nurse remember when trying to distinguish aging from
diseases? - ANSWER-Answer: It is difficult to tell the difference because both
processes are believed to result from cell injury.
What is the diagnosis of a 13-year-old female who has a karyotype that reveals an
absent homologous X chromosome with only a single X chromosome present? Her
features include a short stature, widely spaced nipples, reduced carrying angle at
the elbow, and sparse body hair. - ANSWER-Answer: Turner syndrome
A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would
most of the genetic information be contained? - ANSWER-Answer: Nucleolus
The nurse is teaching staff about the most common cause of Down syndrome.
What is the nurse describing? - ANSWER-Answer: Maternal nondisjunction
A 50-year-old male was recently diagnosed with Huntington disease. Transmission
of this disease is associated with: - ANSWER-Answer: Delayed age of onset
A patient wants to know the risk factors for Down syndrome. What is the nurse's
best response? - ANSWER-Answer: Pregnancy in women over age 35
1|Page
, WALDEN UNIVERSITY ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM EXAM
What is the role of cytokines in cell reproduction? - ANSWER-Answer: Provide
growth factor for tissue growth and development
A newborn male is diagnosed with albinism based on skin, eye, and hair
appearance. Which finding will support this diagnosis? - ANSWER-Answer:
Inability to convert tyrosine to DOPA (3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine)
Sodium and water accumulation in an injured cell are a direct result of: - ANSWER-
Answer: Decreased ATP production
A nurse is reading a chart and sees the term oncotic pressure. The nurse recalls
that oncotic pressure (colloid osmotic pressure) is determined by: - ANSWER-
Answer: Plasma proteins
The ion transporter that moves Na + and Ca 2+ simultaneously in the same
direction is an example of which of the following types of transport? - ANSWER-
Answer: Symport
A 20-year-old pregnant female gives birth to a stillborn child. Autopsy reveals that
the fetus has 92 chromosomes. What term may be on the autopsy report to
describe this condition? - ANSWER-Answer: Tetraploidy
Why is potassium able to diffuse easily in and out of cells? - ANSWER-Answer:
Because the resting plasma membrane is more permeable to potassium
2|Page
, WALDEN UNIVERSITY ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM EXAM
A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy. Which of the
following will facilitate his continued muscle performance? - ANSWER-Answer:
Anaerobic glycolysis
What causes the rapid change in the resting membrane potential that initiates an
action potential? - ANSWER-Answer: Sodium gates open, and sodium rushes into
the cell, changing the membrane potential from negative to positive.
A 12-year-old male is diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. His karyotype would
reveal which of the following? - ANSWER-Answer: XXY
A nurse is reviewing the pedigree chart. When checking for a proband, what is the
nurse looking for? - ANSWER-Answer: The person who is first diagnosed with a
genetic disease
An aide asks the nurse why people who have neurofibromatosis will show varying
degrees of the disease. Which genetic principle should the nurse explain to the
aide? - ANSWER-Answer: Expressivity
In teaching a patient with cirrhosis, which information should the nurse include
regarding cholesterol? - ANSWER-Answer: Cholesterol decreases the membrane
fluidity of the erythrocyte, which reduces its ability to carry oxygen.
When a patient asks what causes cystic fibrosis, how should the nurse respond?
Cystic fibrosis is caused by an _____ gene - ANSWER-Answer: Autosomal recessive
3|Page
WALDEN UNIVERSITY ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM
EXAM NEWEST 2025/2026 COMPLETE 150 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY
GRADED A+
What principle should the nurse remember when trying to distinguish aging from
diseases? - ANSWER-Answer: It is difficult to tell the difference because both
processes are believed to result from cell injury.
What is the diagnosis of a 13-year-old female who has a karyotype that reveals an
absent homologous X chromosome with only a single X chromosome present? Her
features include a short stature, widely spaced nipples, reduced carrying angle at
the elbow, and sparse body hair. - ANSWER-Answer: Turner syndrome
A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would
most of the genetic information be contained? - ANSWER-Answer: Nucleolus
The nurse is teaching staff about the most common cause of Down syndrome.
What is the nurse describing? - ANSWER-Answer: Maternal nondisjunction
A 50-year-old male was recently diagnosed with Huntington disease. Transmission
of this disease is associated with: - ANSWER-Answer: Delayed age of onset
A patient wants to know the risk factors for Down syndrome. What is the nurse's
best response? - ANSWER-Answer: Pregnancy in women over age 35
1|Page
, WALDEN UNIVERSITY ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM EXAM
What is the role of cytokines in cell reproduction? - ANSWER-Answer: Provide
growth factor for tissue growth and development
A newborn male is diagnosed with albinism based on skin, eye, and hair
appearance. Which finding will support this diagnosis? - ANSWER-Answer:
Inability to convert tyrosine to DOPA (3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine)
Sodium and water accumulation in an injured cell are a direct result of: - ANSWER-
Answer: Decreased ATP production
A nurse is reading a chart and sees the term oncotic pressure. The nurse recalls
that oncotic pressure (colloid osmotic pressure) is determined by: - ANSWER-
Answer: Plasma proteins
The ion transporter that moves Na + and Ca 2+ simultaneously in the same
direction is an example of which of the following types of transport? - ANSWER-
Answer: Symport
A 20-year-old pregnant female gives birth to a stillborn child. Autopsy reveals that
the fetus has 92 chromosomes. What term may be on the autopsy report to
describe this condition? - ANSWER-Answer: Tetraploidy
Why is potassium able to diffuse easily in and out of cells? - ANSWER-Answer:
Because the resting plasma membrane is more permeable to potassium
2|Page
, WALDEN UNIVERSITY ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM EXAM
A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy. Which of the
following will facilitate his continued muscle performance? - ANSWER-Answer:
Anaerobic glycolysis
What causes the rapid change in the resting membrane potential that initiates an
action potential? - ANSWER-Answer: Sodium gates open, and sodium rushes into
the cell, changing the membrane potential from negative to positive.
A 12-year-old male is diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. His karyotype would
reveal which of the following? - ANSWER-Answer: XXY
A nurse is reviewing the pedigree chart. When checking for a proband, what is the
nurse looking for? - ANSWER-Answer: The person who is first diagnosed with a
genetic disease
An aide asks the nurse why people who have neurofibromatosis will show varying
degrees of the disease. Which genetic principle should the nurse explain to the
aide? - ANSWER-Answer: Expressivity
In teaching a patient with cirrhosis, which information should the nurse include
regarding cholesterol? - ANSWER-Answer: Cholesterol decreases the membrane
fluidity of the erythrocyte, which reduces its ability to carry oxygen.
When a patient asks what causes cystic fibrosis, how should the nurse respond?
Cystic fibrosis is caused by an _____ gene - ANSWER-Answer: Autosomal recessive
3|Page
