APHY 101 - Ch 3 - Cells/Organelles -
Objectives Exam Questions and
Answers 2025/2026 A+ Graded 100%
Verified
What is the basic living, structural and functional unit of the body? - ANS-Cell
Each cell is specifically adapted to perform _____ or ____ _____ particular functions. -
ANS-one
a few
How many cells make up the human body? - ANS-100 trillion
Cells vary in what ways? - ANS-Shape and size
How many different cell types are there? - ANS-250
A cell's _____ reflects their _____. - ANS-shape
function
What composes the most weight of a cell? - ANS-Water
Extracellular Fluid - ANS-Body fluid outside the cell; functions to transport molecules through
body; composed of water (mainly) and sodium, potassium, chloride, and bicarbonate.
What is another name for extracellular fluid? - ANS-Interstitial fluid
Extra- - ANS-Outside of cell
Intra- - ANS-Inside of cell
Cilia - ANS-Short, multiple, hair-like extensions of cell moving in a whip-like movement; group
of hairs beating in unison to generate current; move things across the cell on the cell's exterior.
, What is an example of a cell with cilia? - ANS-Cells in trachea > Propel mucus filled with dust
and bacteria upwards and away from lungs.
Flagella - ANS-Single, long projection from cell; moves cell through its environment.
What is an example of a cell with flagella? - ANS-Sperm cell > Only flagellated cell in human
body > Propels cell to fertilize egg for reproduction.
_____ propel other substances across cell surface, and _____ propel the cell itself. - ANS-cilia
flagella
Microvilli - ANS-Minute, hair-like extensions of plasma membrane; greatly increase surface
area to increase absorption; more surface area = more nutrients absorbed at one time.
What are two examples of cells with microvilli? - ANS-Intestinal cells and kidney cells
Cells consist of a _____ _____, _____, and a _____ (most have). - ANS-plasma membrane
cytoplasm
nucleus
Selective - ANS-Some molecules can come in and others cannot.
Permeable - ANS-Allows things to flow through.
Cell/Plasma Membrane - ANS-Flexible but sturdy barrier surrounding contents of cell; like skin
of cell; function > selectively permeable membrane barrier for material entering and exiting cell;
composed of phospholipids, glycolipids, cholesterol, and proteins.
What is the function of the plasma/cell membrane? - ANS-Selectively permeable membrane
barrier for material entering and exiting cell.
What components make up the plasma/cell membrane? - ANS-Composed of phospholipids,
glycolipids, cholesterol, and proteins
Which component makes up the majority of the plasma/cell membrane? - ANS-Phospholipids -
75% of cell membrane; most common lipid in membrane.
What does cholesterol do in the plasma/cell membrane? - ANS-Helps to stiffen membrane;
gives sturdiness.
What do glycolipids do in the plasma/cell membrane? - ANS-Act as identity molecules to help
cell recognize and feel environment; only found on outer surfaces of membrane; help see other
cells around one cell and what is outside of cell; like little feelers.
Objectives Exam Questions and
Answers 2025/2026 A+ Graded 100%
Verified
What is the basic living, structural and functional unit of the body? - ANS-Cell
Each cell is specifically adapted to perform _____ or ____ _____ particular functions. -
ANS-one
a few
How many cells make up the human body? - ANS-100 trillion
Cells vary in what ways? - ANS-Shape and size
How many different cell types are there? - ANS-250
A cell's _____ reflects their _____. - ANS-shape
function
What composes the most weight of a cell? - ANS-Water
Extracellular Fluid - ANS-Body fluid outside the cell; functions to transport molecules through
body; composed of water (mainly) and sodium, potassium, chloride, and bicarbonate.
What is another name for extracellular fluid? - ANS-Interstitial fluid
Extra- - ANS-Outside of cell
Intra- - ANS-Inside of cell
Cilia - ANS-Short, multiple, hair-like extensions of cell moving in a whip-like movement; group
of hairs beating in unison to generate current; move things across the cell on the cell's exterior.
, What is an example of a cell with cilia? - ANS-Cells in trachea > Propel mucus filled with dust
and bacteria upwards and away from lungs.
Flagella - ANS-Single, long projection from cell; moves cell through its environment.
What is an example of a cell with flagella? - ANS-Sperm cell > Only flagellated cell in human
body > Propels cell to fertilize egg for reproduction.
_____ propel other substances across cell surface, and _____ propel the cell itself. - ANS-cilia
flagella
Microvilli - ANS-Minute, hair-like extensions of plasma membrane; greatly increase surface
area to increase absorption; more surface area = more nutrients absorbed at one time.
What are two examples of cells with microvilli? - ANS-Intestinal cells and kidney cells
Cells consist of a _____ _____, _____, and a _____ (most have). - ANS-plasma membrane
cytoplasm
nucleus
Selective - ANS-Some molecules can come in and others cannot.
Permeable - ANS-Allows things to flow through.
Cell/Plasma Membrane - ANS-Flexible but sturdy barrier surrounding contents of cell; like skin
of cell; function > selectively permeable membrane barrier for material entering and exiting cell;
composed of phospholipids, glycolipids, cholesterol, and proteins.
What is the function of the plasma/cell membrane? - ANS-Selectively permeable membrane
barrier for material entering and exiting cell.
What components make up the plasma/cell membrane? - ANS-Composed of phospholipids,
glycolipids, cholesterol, and proteins
Which component makes up the majority of the plasma/cell membrane? - ANS-Phospholipids -
75% of cell membrane; most common lipid in membrane.
What does cholesterol do in the plasma/cell membrane? - ANS-Helps to stiffen membrane;
gives sturdiness.
What do glycolipids do in the plasma/cell membrane? - ANS-Act as identity molecules to help
cell recognize and feel environment; only found on outer surfaces of membrane; help see other
cells around one cell and what is outside of cell; like little feelers.
