ARDMS Breast Registry (2025) Actual
Exam Questions and Answers A+
Graded
Artifact .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-
An .echo .feature .present .or .absent .in .a .sonographic .image .that .does .not .corres
pond .to .the .presence .or .absence .of .a .real .structure. .Eg. .enhancement .or .shado
wing.
Attenuation .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-The .reduction .of .intensity .
(and .amplitude) .of .a .sound .wave .as .it .travels .through .a .material. .Attenuation .is
.due .to .absorption, .reflection, .and .scattering.
Complex .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-
A .structure .in .the .body .that .contains .both .cystic .and .solid .components.
Echogenic .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-A .structure .or .medium .that .produces .echoes.
Edge .Shadowing .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-
Decreased .echo .amplitude .distal .to .the .edge .of .a .structure. .This .artifact .results
.from .refraction .of .the .sound .beam.
Enhancement .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-
Increased .echo .amplitude .returning .from .regions .lying .beyond .an .object .that .ca
uses .little .or .no .attenuation .of .the .sound .beam .
(typically .a .cystic .structure). .This .artifact .results .in .a .brighter .than .normal .appe
arance.
Heterogeneous .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-A .structure .that .has .an .uneven .texture .
(hypoechoic .and .hyperechoic .echoes .throughout). .Synonym .- .non-uniform.
Homogeneous .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Smooth .uniform .texture
Ipsilateral .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-On .the .same .side.
Contrlateral .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-On .the .opposite .side.
Isoechoic .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-
Same .echogenicity .as .another .structure .or .the .surrounding .tissue.
,Noise .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Spurious .echoes .throughout .the .image.
Real-time .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-
The .scanning .and .display .of .sonographic .images .at .a .sufficiently .rapid .rate .so .
that .moving .structures .can .be .seen .to .move .at .their .natural .rate. .***Frame .rates
.of .15 .frames .per .second .or .greater .are .considered .real .time***
Reverberation .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-
Artifact .causing .linear .echoes .parallel .to .a .strong .interface. .Sound ."bounces"
Ring .Down .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-
Reverb .in .which .numerous .parallel .echoes .are .seen .for .a .considerable .distance
. .E.g. .a .biopsy .needle.
Sensitivity .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-
The .ability .to .diagnose .disease .in .a .patient .when .disease .is .present.
Texture .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-
The .pattern .of .echoes .seen .from .a .mass .or .area .of .interest .in .the .body.
Refractive .Edge .Shadowing .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-
Bending .of .a .sound .beam .and .loss .of .sound .energy .causing .a .shadow.
Mid .level .gray .corresponds .to ._____ .in .the .breast. .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Fat
Hyperechoic .describes .what .three .structures .visualized .in .breast .sonography. .-
.CORRECT .ANSWER-Fibroglandular .tissue, .Cooper's .Ligament, .Skin
What .frequency .transducer .is .optimal .for .breast .imaging? .- .CORRECT .ANSWE
R-7.0-
15.0 .MHz .is .optimal .for .superior .axial .and .lateral .resolution .while .maintaining .p
enetration .to .the .chest .wall. .It .should .also .be .BROADBAND.
Fixed .elevation .focusing .represents.... .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Focusing .along .the
.short .axis .of .the .transducer.
What .design .of .transducer .is .used .in .breast .imaging? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-
Linear .array .is .optimal
The .advantage .of .a .rectangular .image .over .a .sector .image .is .the .avoidance .of .
what .artifact? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Beam .divergence
Interventional .procedures .are .more .accurately .guided .with .a ._______ ._________
_ .probe. .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Linear .array
When .is .a .curved .array .transducer .used .in .breast .imaging? .- .CORRECT .ANSW
ER-Pathology .too .large .to .fit .on .linear .image
,Most .linear .transducers .in .breast .sonography .are .______ .arrays. .- .CORRECT .A
NSWER-1-D
1-D .arrays .offer .a .fixed .focus .in .the .________ .plan .
(short .axis) .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Elevation
1.5-
D .matrix .array .transducers .have .multiple .elements .along .the ._____ .axis .of .the .
probe. .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Short
1.5-
D .arrays .offer .some .electronic .focusing .in .the .__________ .plane. .- .CORRECT .A
NSWER-Elevation
2-D .array .transducers .are .not .currently ._________. .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-
available
Imaging .depth .should .penetrate .the .chest .wall-- .___ .to .___ .cm .should .be .adequ
ate .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-3, .6
An .echo's .brightness .is .controlled .by .______ .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-gain
Know .overall .gain, .TGC, .and .output .power .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-
This .is .ultrasound .elementary.
If .your .image .is .too .bright .decrease .the .______________. .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-
Output .power
If .your .image .is .too .dark .increase .the .____________. .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-
Receiver .gain
__________ .focal .zones .are .recommended .for .breast .imaging. .- .CORRECT .ANS
WER-Multiple
Multiple .focal .zones .will .decrease .what? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Frame .rate
a .7-
12 .MHz .probe .must .be .used .to .obtain .an .elevation .focus .depth .of .____ .to .____
_ .cm. .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-1,2
10 .MHz .= ._____ .cm .elevation .plane .focus .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-1.5
____________ .(artifact) .decreases .contrast .resolution .and .spatial .resoution .
(both .axial .and .lateral). .Places .unwanted .echoes .in .cysts. .- .CORRECT .ANSWER
-Volume .averaging
_______ .__________ .is .more .sensitive .to .low .velocity .flow .and .offers .angle .ind
ependence. .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Power .Doppler
, Three .reasons .Doppler .is .useful: .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-(1)Solid .vs .Cystic
(2)Inflammed .vs .Non-Inflammed
(3)Complicated .Cyst .vs .Complex .Cyst .vs .Intraductal .Papilloma
To .optimize .Doppler .for .breast .imaging .(4 .things) .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-
(1) .Low .velocity .scale
(2) .Low .filter .setting
(3) .Optimal .Doppler .gain .setting
(4) .Increased .PRF .for .high .velocities
Uses .compounding .technique .to .combine .ultrsound .lines .acquired .from .differe
nt .scanning .directions .
(angles). .Improves .tissue .differentiation, .margin .visualization, .and .internal .archi
tecture .creating .a ."smoother" .more .realistic .image. .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-
Spatial .compounding
What .are .the .advantages .(2) .and .disadvantages .
(2) .of .spatial .compounding? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Advantages:
-Clears .cysts
-Reduces .speckle .and .other .noise .artifacts .(clutter)
Disadvantages
-Reduces .acoustic .enhancement .and .shadowing .artifact
-Subject .to .blurring
A .diagnostic .methof .that .evaluates .the .elastic .properties .of .tissue. .Breast .tissu
es .vibrate .differently .based .on .their .firmness. .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-
Elastography
Breast .elastography .may .have .the .potential .to .differentiate .benign .from .maligna
nt .breast .tumors .
(BIRADS .3 .from .BIRADS .4 .lesions) .and .potential .reduce .the .number .of ._______
___. .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Biopsies
List .the .6 .anatomic .layers .from .anterior .to .posterior. .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-
1. .Skin
2. .Subcutaneous .aka .Premammary .Layer
3. .Mammary .Layer
4. .Retromammary .Space
5. .Muscle .Layers .(Pectoralis .major .m, .and .Pectoralis .minor .m.)
6. .Chest .Wall .(Ribs .and .Intercostal .muscles)
What .is .the .normal .thickness .of .the .skin .layer?**** .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-
0.5 .to .2mm .****
The .breast .skin .is .slightly .thicker .in .______ .females .and .thins .with .______. .- .C
ORRECT .ANSWER-young, .age
Exam Questions and Answers A+
Graded
Artifact .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-
An .echo .feature .present .or .absent .in .a .sonographic .image .that .does .not .corres
pond .to .the .presence .or .absence .of .a .real .structure. .Eg. .enhancement .or .shado
wing.
Attenuation .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-The .reduction .of .intensity .
(and .amplitude) .of .a .sound .wave .as .it .travels .through .a .material. .Attenuation .is
.due .to .absorption, .reflection, .and .scattering.
Complex .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-
A .structure .in .the .body .that .contains .both .cystic .and .solid .components.
Echogenic .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-A .structure .or .medium .that .produces .echoes.
Edge .Shadowing .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-
Decreased .echo .amplitude .distal .to .the .edge .of .a .structure. .This .artifact .results
.from .refraction .of .the .sound .beam.
Enhancement .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-
Increased .echo .amplitude .returning .from .regions .lying .beyond .an .object .that .ca
uses .little .or .no .attenuation .of .the .sound .beam .
(typically .a .cystic .structure). .This .artifact .results .in .a .brighter .than .normal .appe
arance.
Heterogeneous .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-A .structure .that .has .an .uneven .texture .
(hypoechoic .and .hyperechoic .echoes .throughout). .Synonym .- .non-uniform.
Homogeneous .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Smooth .uniform .texture
Ipsilateral .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-On .the .same .side.
Contrlateral .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-On .the .opposite .side.
Isoechoic .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-
Same .echogenicity .as .another .structure .or .the .surrounding .tissue.
,Noise .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Spurious .echoes .throughout .the .image.
Real-time .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-
The .scanning .and .display .of .sonographic .images .at .a .sufficiently .rapid .rate .so .
that .moving .structures .can .be .seen .to .move .at .their .natural .rate. .***Frame .rates
.of .15 .frames .per .second .or .greater .are .considered .real .time***
Reverberation .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-
Artifact .causing .linear .echoes .parallel .to .a .strong .interface. .Sound ."bounces"
Ring .Down .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-
Reverb .in .which .numerous .parallel .echoes .are .seen .for .a .considerable .distance
. .E.g. .a .biopsy .needle.
Sensitivity .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-
The .ability .to .diagnose .disease .in .a .patient .when .disease .is .present.
Texture .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-
The .pattern .of .echoes .seen .from .a .mass .or .area .of .interest .in .the .body.
Refractive .Edge .Shadowing .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-
Bending .of .a .sound .beam .and .loss .of .sound .energy .causing .a .shadow.
Mid .level .gray .corresponds .to ._____ .in .the .breast. .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Fat
Hyperechoic .describes .what .three .structures .visualized .in .breast .sonography. .-
.CORRECT .ANSWER-Fibroglandular .tissue, .Cooper's .Ligament, .Skin
What .frequency .transducer .is .optimal .for .breast .imaging? .- .CORRECT .ANSWE
R-7.0-
15.0 .MHz .is .optimal .for .superior .axial .and .lateral .resolution .while .maintaining .p
enetration .to .the .chest .wall. .It .should .also .be .BROADBAND.
Fixed .elevation .focusing .represents.... .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Focusing .along .the
.short .axis .of .the .transducer.
What .design .of .transducer .is .used .in .breast .imaging? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-
Linear .array .is .optimal
The .advantage .of .a .rectangular .image .over .a .sector .image .is .the .avoidance .of .
what .artifact? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Beam .divergence
Interventional .procedures .are .more .accurately .guided .with .a ._______ ._________
_ .probe. .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Linear .array
When .is .a .curved .array .transducer .used .in .breast .imaging? .- .CORRECT .ANSW
ER-Pathology .too .large .to .fit .on .linear .image
,Most .linear .transducers .in .breast .sonography .are .______ .arrays. .- .CORRECT .A
NSWER-1-D
1-D .arrays .offer .a .fixed .focus .in .the .________ .plan .
(short .axis) .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Elevation
1.5-
D .matrix .array .transducers .have .multiple .elements .along .the ._____ .axis .of .the .
probe. .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Short
1.5-
D .arrays .offer .some .electronic .focusing .in .the .__________ .plane. .- .CORRECT .A
NSWER-Elevation
2-D .array .transducers .are .not .currently ._________. .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-
available
Imaging .depth .should .penetrate .the .chest .wall-- .___ .to .___ .cm .should .be .adequ
ate .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-3, .6
An .echo's .brightness .is .controlled .by .______ .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-gain
Know .overall .gain, .TGC, .and .output .power .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-
This .is .ultrasound .elementary.
If .your .image .is .too .bright .decrease .the .______________. .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-
Output .power
If .your .image .is .too .dark .increase .the .____________. .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-
Receiver .gain
__________ .focal .zones .are .recommended .for .breast .imaging. .- .CORRECT .ANS
WER-Multiple
Multiple .focal .zones .will .decrease .what? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Frame .rate
a .7-
12 .MHz .probe .must .be .used .to .obtain .an .elevation .focus .depth .of .____ .to .____
_ .cm. .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-1,2
10 .MHz .= ._____ .cm .elevation .plane .focus .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-1.5
____________ .(artifact) .decreases .contrast .resolution .and .spatial .resoution .
(both .axial .and .lateral). .Places .unwanted .echoes .in .cysts. .- .CORRECT .ANSWER
-Volume .averaging
_______ .__________ .is .more .sensitive .to .low .velocity .flow .and .offers .angle .ind
ependence. .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Power .Doppler
, Three .reasons .Doppler .is .useful: .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-(1)Solid .vs .Cystic
(2)Inflammed .vs .Non-Inflammed
(3)Complicated .Cyst .vs .Complex .Cyst .vs .Intraductal .Papilloma
To .optimize .Doppler .for .breast .imaging .(4 .things) .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-
(1) .Low .velocity .scale
(2) .Low .filter .setting
(3) .Optimal .Doppler .gain .setting
(4) .Increased .PRF .for .high .velocities
Uses .compounding .technique .to .combine .ultrsound .lines .acquired .from .differe
nt .scanning .directions .
(angles). .Improves .tissue .differentiation, .margin .visualization, .and .internal .archi
tecture .creating .a ."smoother" .more .realistic .image. .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-
Spatial .compounding
What .are .the .advantages .(2) .and .disadvantages .
(2) .of .spatial .compounding? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Advantages:
-Clears .cysts
-Reduces .speckle .and .other .noise .artifacts .(clutter)
Disadvantages
-Reduces .acoustic .enhancement .and .shadowing .artifact
-Subject .to .blurring
A .diagnostic .methof .that .evaluates .the .elastic .properties .of .tissue. .Breast .tissu
es .vibrate .differently .based .on .their .firmness. .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-
Elastography
Breast .elastography .may .have .the .potential .to .differentiate .benign .from .maligna
nt .breast .tumors .
(BIRADS .3 .from .BIRADS .4 .lesions) .and .potential .reduce .the .number .of ._______
___. .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Biopsies
List .the .6 .anatomic .layers .from .anterior .to .posterior. .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-
1. .Skin
2. .Subcutaneous .aka .Premammary .Layer
3. .Mammary .Layer
4. .Retromammary .Space
5. .Muscle .Layers .(Pectoralis .major .m, .and .Pectoralis .minor .m.)
6. .Chest .Wall .(Ribs .and .Intercostal .muscles)
What .is .the .normal .thickness .of .the .skin .layer?**** .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-
0.5 .to .2mm .****
The .breast .skin .is .slightly .thicker .in .______ .females .and .thins .with .______. .- .C
ORRECT .ANSWER-young, .age
