Objective Assessment:Learners and
Learning Science study guide
Questions with Verified Answers
acquisition - ANSWERSlearning new information by actively paying attention and
engaging with the material
consolidation - ANSWERSorganizing and reinforcing new information by connecting it to
what you already know and practicing it to better remember it
short-term memory (STM) - ANSWERSa mental space that temporarily holds a small
amount of information for a short time, usually a few seconds to a minute
long-term memory (LTM) - ANSWERSthe storage of information for a long time,
including knowledge, skills, and experiences
sensorimotor stage - ANSWERSinfants (0-2 years old) explore through senses and
actions, developing an understanding of object permanence and laying cognitive
foundations
object permanence - ANSWERSthe understanding that something still exists even
though it cannot be seen or heard
trust v. mistrust stage - ANSWERSinfants learn to rely on caregivers for their basic
needs, fostering trust while inconsistency in meeting these needs can lead to mistrust,
suspicion, and anxiety about their environment
autonomy v. shame/doubt stage - ANSWERSthe shame and doubt stage involves a
child's journey toward independence and decision-making
sensory exploration - ANSWERSinvolves activities that engage the senses—touch,
sight, hearing, smell, and taste—helping children explore and understand the world
around them
fine motor skills - ANSWERSfine motor skills involve tiny muscles working with the brain
and nervous system to control movements in areas like the hands, fingers, lips, tongue,
and eyes
initiative v. guilt stage - ANSWERSchildren between ages 3 and 6 display increased
assertiveness by taking the lead in play and engaging in social interactions more
actively
, preoperational stage - ANSWERSchildren between the ages of 2 and 7 years old think
symbolically, using symbols to represent words, objects, images, individuals, and
concepts, enabling the capacity to mimic behavior through imitation
egocentric - ANSWERSdemonstrating a cognitive inclination where individuals find it
challenging to acknowledge perspectives beyond their own
scaffolding - ANSWERSwhen the teacher breaks down complex concepts into small,
more manageable steps helping children along the way
conservation - ANSWERSunderstanding that certain physical attributes of objects—
such as quantity, mass, volume, and number—remain constant even when their
appearance or arrangement changes
industry v. inferiority stage - ANSWERSchildren between the ages 5 and 12 develop a
growing sense of competence and accomplishment as they develop a greater
understanding of their capabilities and limitations
concrete operational stage - ANSWERSin children between ages 7 and 11, thinking
becomes more logical, organized, and systematic
reversibility - ANSWERSto mentally undo actions or operations; allows individuals to
understand that certain processes can be reversed to return to their original sta
classification - ANSWERSto categorize objects, events, or concepts based on common
attributes or characteristics, enabling children to organize and make sense of their
environment
puberty - ANSWERStypically occurs between ages 12 and 17; changes such as the
development of secondary sexual characteristics, growth spurts, and alterations in body
composition
identity v. role confusion stage - ANSWERSadolescents between the ages of 12-17
engage in the exploration and formation of personal identity, including values, beliefs,
and aspirations
formal operational stage - ANSWERSin adolescents between ages 12 and 17, thinking
becomes more abstract, complex, and systematic
learning theories - ANSWERSconceptual frameworks that explain how individuals
acquire knowledge, develop skills, and change behaviors over time
behaviorism - ANSWERSsheds light on how external stimuli shape behavior,
emphasizing the focus on observable behaviors rather than internal mental processes
Learning Science study guide
Questions with Verified Answers
acquisition - ANSWERSlearning new information by actively paying attention and
engaging with the material
consolidation - ANSWERSorganizing and reinforcing new information by connecting it to
what you already know and practicing it to better remember it
short-term memory (STM) - ANSWERSa mental space that temporarily holds a small
amount of information for a short time, usually a few seconds to a minute
long-term memory (LTM) - ANSWERSthe storage of information for a long time,
including knowledge, skills, and experiences
sensorimotor stage - ANSWERSinfants (0-2 years old) explore through senses and
actions, developing an understanding of object permanence and laying cognitive
foundations
object permanence - ANSWERSthe understanding that something still exists even
though it cannot be seen or heard
trust v. mistrust stage - ANSWERSinfants learn to rely on caregivers for their basic
needs, fostering trust while inconsistency in meeting these needs can lead to mistrust,
suspicion, and anxiety about their environment
autonomy v. shame/doubt stage - ANSWERSthe shame and doubt stage involves a
child's journey toward independence and decision-making
sensory exploration - ANSWERSinvolves activities that engage the senses—touch,
sight, hearing, smell, and taste—helping children explore and understand the world
around them
fine motor skills - ANSWERSfine motor skills involve tiny muscles working with the brain
and nervous system to control movements in areas like the hands, fingers, lips, tongue,
and eyes
initiative v. guilt stage - ANSWERSchildren between ages 3 and 6 display increased
assertiveness by taking the lead in play and engaging in social interactions more
actively
, preoperational stage - ANSWERSchildren between the ages of 2 and 7 years old think
symbolically, using symbols to represent words, objects, images, individuals, and
concepts, enabling the capacity to mimic behavior through imitation
egocentric - ANSWERSdemonstrating a cognitive inclination where individuals find it
challenging to acknowledge perspectives beyond their own
scaffolding - ANSWERSwhen the teacher breaks down complex concepts into small,
more manageable steps helping children along the way
conservation - ANSWERSunderstanding that certain physical attributes of objects—
such as quantity, mass, volume, and number—remain constant even when their
appearance or arrangement changes
industry v. inferiority stage - ANSWERSchildren between the ages 5 and 12 develop a
growing sense of competence and accomplishment as they develop a greater
understanding of their capabilities and limitations
concrete operational stage - ANSWERSin children between ages 7 and 11, thinking
becomes more logical, organized, and systematic
reversibility - ANSWERSto mentally undo actions or operations; allows individuals to
understand that certain processes can be reversed to return to their original sta
classification - ANSWERSto categorize objects, events, or concepts based on common
attributes or characteristics, enabling children to organize and make sense of their
environment
puberty - ANSWERStypically occurs between ages 12 and 17; changes such as the
development of secondary sexual characteristics, growth spurts, and alterations in body
composition
identity v. role confusion stage - ANSWERSadolescents between the ages of 12-17
engage in the exploration and formation of personal identity, including values, beliefs,
and aspirations
formal operational stage - ANSWERSin adolescents between ages 12 and 17, thinking
becomes more abstract, complex, and systematic
learning theories - ANSWERSconceptual frameworks that explain how individuals
acquire knowledge, develop skills, and change behaviors over time
behaviorism - ANSWERSsheds light on how external stimuli shape behavior,
emphasizing the focus on observable behaviors rather than internal mental processes
