HISTORY EXAM REVIEW
Exam Outline
● Multiple Choice (Worth 25 Marks) - Recommended time to take on the
section: 25 minutes
● Essay Questions (Worth 30 Marks) - Recommended time to take on the
section: 60 minutes
[There will be two questions to choose from]
Out of 55 Marks!
World War I
○ What were the causes of World War I
Causes of World War I (MANIA)
● Militarism
When a country’s armed forces come to dominate a country's national policy.
● Alliances
An alliance is an agreement between two or more countries in order to
support each other if needed.
By 1914, many alliances were formed and eventually divided Europe into two
main blocks..
+ Triple Alliance
The Triple Alliance, also known as the Central Powers included..
● German
● Hungary
● Italy (Italy did not follow the Triple Alliance in war in 1914 and joined
the war on the side of the Triple Entente in 1915)
+ Triple Entente
,The Triple Entente, also known as the Allied Powers included..
● Russia
● France
● Great Britain
Later on, Portugal, Belgium, Serbia, and Romania joined the Triple Entente.
● Nationalism
The excessive pride and patriotism in one’s nation.
● Imperialism
When a country takes over new lands or countries and subjects them under
their rule.
Also, they impose their beliefs, opinions and culture if they do so.
● Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand (June 28, 1914)
+ Where?
It occurred in Sarajevo during the procession as the Austro-Hungarian
Empire wanted to demonstrate its imperial rule.
+ Who?
Gavrillo Princip, a member of the Black Hand, shot the Archduke along with
his wife.
[ Side — Link to Serbia: Austria (Allies w/ Germany - triple alliance) blames
Serbia (Allies w/ Russia. triple entente) for the assassination. ]
Therefore, Germany declares war on Russia and France.
● Steps to the Outbreak of World War I
+ Domino Effect, Why Canada entered war
The domino effect:
● Austria blamed Serbia for Ferdinand’s death and declared war on
Serbia
● Germany pledged their support for Austria-Hungary
, ● Russia pledged to their support for Serbia
● Germany declares war on Russia
● France pledges their support for Russia
● Germany declares war on France
● Germany invades Belgium on the way to France
● Great Britain supports Belgium and declares war on Germany.
Canada entered the war automatically once Britain entered WW1 and it was a
member of the British Commonwealth.
Britain controlled all of Canada’s relations with other countries.
● Trench Warfare, Air and Sea Battles & Technology
+ Schlieffen Plan
The plan took effect on August 2nd, 1914.
Schlieffen’s plan was created for a two front war.
It involved first defeating France before Russia.
They had to take control over Paris in only a few weeks so that they could
focus on fighting Russia.
+ German soldiers went through Belgium (which was neutral) in order to
capture Paris.
The Schlieffen Plan made two critical assumptions:
1. It would take Russia a while to mobilize their huge army.
2. Britain would remain neutral.
In actuality, Russia was already prepared when Germany declared war (they
mobilized in 10 days and Germany thought it would take them 6 weeks) and
Britain felt compelled to enter the war as they were a part of the Triple
Entente (thus, they were allied with France).
, Overall, the plan failed because their defenses were getting weaker and they
spent too much time on fighting France.
○ Why is the Second Battle of Ypres significant?
— The Battle of Ypres was significant because Canadians proved
themselves to be a determined fighting force.
The Battle of Ypres took place on April 22,1915 in Belgium.
The Battle began with French and Canadian troops being burned, blinded, or
killed as Germans used chlorine gas. The battle lasted for a month or so and
there was no winner as neither side gained much advantage.
There were over 6000 Canadian soldiers that were wounded, captured, or
killed fighting in this Battle.
○ Why is the Battle of Vimy Ridge significant?
— The first time Canadians attacked as a national unit (not as a part
of the British forces).
Vimy Ridge was controlled by the Germans. Vimy Ridge was a key
position as it gave them a vantage point — there was a clear view of
the countryside, supply routes, and enemy positions.
Lieutenant- General Julian Byng was chosen to lead the new assault of
Vimy Ridge in 1916. They prepared by training and rehearsing until Byng
decided they were ready. Moreover, artillery bombarded German
positions for more than a month.
They began attacking on April 9, 1917. They were able to capture Hill 145
(highest point on the ridge) on April 10, and by April 12 they took “the
pimple” which was the last German position. They ended up being
victorious in the battle.
The Battle left over 3500 men killed and 7000 wounded. This was a
massive loss as the rates were lower than any previous Allied offensive.
Why was the Battle of Vimy Ridge significant for Canada?
Exam Outline
● Multiple Choice (Worth 25 Marks) - Recommended time to take on the
section: 25 minutes
● Essay Questions (Worth 30 Marks) - Recommended time to take on the
section: 60 minutes
[There will be two questions to choose from]
Out of 55 Marks!
World War I
○ What were the causes of World War I
Causes of World War I (MANIA)
● Militarism
When a country’s armed forces come to dominate a country's national policy.
● Alliances
An alliance is an agreement between two or more countries in order to
support each other if needed.
By 1914, many alliances were formed and eventually divided Europe into two
main blocks..
+ Triple Alliance
The Triple Alliance, also known as the Central Powers included..
● German
● Hungary
● Italy (Italy did not follow the Triple Alliance in war in 1914 and joined
the war on the side of the Triple Entente in 1915)
+ Triple Entente
,The Triple Entente, also known as the Allied Powers included..
● Russia
● France
● Great Britain
Later on, Portugal, Belgium, Serbia, and Romania joined the Triple Entente.
● Nationalism
The excessive pride and patriotism in one’s nation.
● Imperialism
When a country takes over new lands or countries and subjects them under
their rule.
Also, they impose their beliefs, opinions and culture if they do so.
● Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand (June 28, 1914)
+ Where?
It occurred in Sarajevo during the procession as the Austro-Hungarian
Empire wanted to demonstrate its imperial rule.
+ Who?
Gavrillo Princip, a member of the Black Hand, shot the Archduke along with
his wife.
[ Side — Link to Serbia: Austria (Allies w/ Germany - triple alliance) blames
Serbia (Allies w/ Russia. triple entente) for the assassination. ]
Therefore, Germany declares war on Russia and France.
● Steps to the Outbreak of World War I
+ Domino Effect, Why Canada entered war
The domino effect:
● Austria blamed Serbia for Ferdinand’s death and declared war on
Serbia
● Germany pledged their support for Austria-Hungary
, ● Russia pledged to their support for Serbia
● Germany declares war on Russia
● France pledges their support for Russia
● Germany declares war on France
● Germany invades Belgium on the way to France
● Great Britain supports Belgium and declares war on Germany.
Canada entered the war automatically once Britain entered WW1 and it was a
member of the British Commonwealth.
Britain controlled all of Canada’s relations with other countries.
● Trench Warfare, Air and Sea Battles & Technology
+ Schlieffen Plan
The plan took effect on August 2nd, 1914.
Schlieffen’s plan was created for a two front war.
It involved first defeating France before Russia.
They had to take control over Paris in only a few weeks so that they could
focus on fighting Russia.
+ German soldiers went through Belgium (which was neutral) in order to
capture Paris.
The Schlieffen Plan made two critical assumptions:
1. It would take Russia a while to mobilize their huge army.
2. Britain would remain neutral.
In actuality, Russia was already prepared when Germany declared war (they
mobilized in 10 days and Germany thought it would take them 6 weeks) and
Britain felt compelled to enter the war as they were a part of the Triple
Entente (thus, they were allied with France).
, Overall, the plan failed because their defenses were getting weaker and they
spent too much time on fighting France.
○ Why is the Second Battle of Ypres significant?
— The Battle of Ypres was significant because Canadians proved
themselves to be a determined fighting force.
The Battle of Ypres took place on April 22,1915 in Belgium.
The Battle began with French and Canadian troops being burned, blinded, or
killed as Germans used chlorine gas. The battle lasted for a month or so and
there was no winner as neither side gained much advantage.
There were over 6000 Canadian soldiers that were wounded, captured, or
killed fighting in this Battle.
○ Why is the Battle of Vimy Ridge significant?
— The first time Canadians attacked as a national unit (not as a part
of the British forces).
Vimy Ridge was controlled by the Germans. Vimy Ridge was a key
position as it gave them a vantage point — there was a clear view of
the countryside, supply routes, and enemy positions.
Lieutenant- General Julian Byng was chosen to lead the new assault of
Vimy Ridge in 1916. They prepared by training and rehearsing until Byng
decided they were ready. Moreover, artillery bombarded German
positions for more than a month.
They began attacking on April 9, 1917. They were able to capture Hill 145
(highest point on the ridge) on April 10, and by April 12 they took “the
pimple” which was the last German position. They ended up being
victorious in the battle.
The Battle left over 3500 men killed and 7000 wounded. This was a
massive loss as the rates were lower than any previous Allied offensive.
Why was the Battle of Vimy Ridge significant for Canada?
