Bio20 FINAL Exam Questions With 100% Detailed Well Defined Answers.

Which compounds do mast cells produce? - correct answer histamine Muscular contraction moves food through the alimentary canal by a process called ________. - correct answer peristalsis One way to prevent a global pandemic of avian influenza would be to ________. - correct answer develop a vaccine against the avian influenza virus What happens during inhalation? - correct answer diaphragm contracts The fiber in your diet is actually - correct answer cellulose This figure illustrates the lining of the - correct answer Small intestine Vitamin D is added to milk because it increases - correct answer calcium absorption The ________ system is composed of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. - correct answer urinary Reduced consumption of ________ is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. - correct answer fruits and vegetables The development of ________ may be stimulated by estrogen. - correct answer breasts Based on this figure, which of the following contains the most oxygen? - correct answer Blood entering the left atrium A protein's function is dependent on environmental factors such as pH and temperature. What property of the protein itself dictates a protein's function? - correct answer shape You awaken to discover your alarm clock failed to ring. You just might be able to make it to class on time if you leave immediately (skip breakfast) and sprint to reach the lecture hall two blocks away. What energy source is most likely being used to fuel your activity? - correct answer glycogen What is(are) the main digestive function(s) of the pancreas? - correct answer It produces digestive enzymes and neutralizes stomach acids. Who first performed vaccinations by inoculating children with cowpox virus to provide immunity against smallpox? - correct answer Edward Jenner Based on this figure, when does the maximum immune response occur? - correct answer Between 1 and 2 weeks after the second exposure Blood is propelled back to the heart by ________. - correct answer skeletal muscle contractions around veins and the action of one-way valves Minerals required for bone formation include - correct answer calcium and phosphorus Veins carry ________. - correct answer blood toward the heart In the description of homeostasis, the term dynamic constancy refers to - correct answer the fact that even though physical and chemical changes do occur, conditions are kept within a range. Cancer patients who receive radiation treatment or chemotherapy often slough off their most rapidly dividing body cells, such as those in the hair follicles and those lining the gastrointestinal tract. This results in much of the pain, fatigue, and other complications associated with the cancer treatment. Understandably, some loss of hair is expected when undergoing such procedures. Which of the following would you also expect to occur with cancer treatment? - correct answer Reduced nutrient absorption and subsequent weakness If you chew on a piece of bread long enough, it will begin to taste sweet because - correct answer amylase is breaking down starches into disaccharides. Which of the following is delivered from the small intestine to the bloodstream through the lymphatic system? - correct answer lipids Which molecules are the direct source of energy for cell activity? - correct answer ATP After eating a large meal of pasta, an individual's blood sugar levels are elevated. In response to this, the pancreas secretes a hormone called insulin, which acts to lower blood sugar levels. Once the blood sugar levels drop to the normal level, the pancreas stops secreting insulin. This is an example of - correct answer negative feedback loop What are estuaries? - correct answer a transition area between a river and the ocean In 1956, people in Minamata, Japan, began to exhibit severe neurological disorders and birth defects. This problem was eventually attributed to methylmercury, a water-insoluble and breakdown-resistant chemical formed from mercury dumped into the adjacent bay by a local factory. Which of the following types of seafood would have the highest levels of methylmercury, and therefore cause the severest effects? - correct answer Tuna that feed on smaller fish that feed on krill that feed on algae Scientists have documented that spring seasons starting earlier due to climate change have resulted in some caterpillar species beginning their maturation stage earlier than normal. There are bird species that need the caterpillars to feed their chicks. However, since the caterpillars are maturing before the chicks hatch (and therefore cannot be used for chick food), the birds are experiencing a drop in their lifetime reproductive success. Interestingly, scientists have also documented that the individual birds that are successful in altering their egg-laying patterns to align with earlier spring seasons have the greatest lifetime reproductive success. These phenomena are examples of ________. - correct answer an evolutionary response to climate change What level of ecology is concerned with energy flow and the cycling of chemicals among various biotic and abiotic factors? - correct answer ecosystem Humans can be infected with the Lyme disease bacterium. According to the graph, a hiker has the highest risk of encountering an infected black-legged tick nymph in forests that are ________ in area. - correct answer 1 hectare According to the data presented in the graph, between 1960 and 2000, CO2 levels rose approximately ________ ppm. - correct answer 50 The variety and abundance of the different species that make up a community is the ________ of a community. - correct answer species diversity In deep sea hydrothermal vent communities, primary productivity is based on - correct answer Chemosynthesis The primary goal of conservation biology is to ________. - correct answer counter the loss of biodiversity The first trophic level of an ecosystem consists of - correct answer producers Water moves from land to the atmosphere through ________. - correct answer transpiration and evaporation The organisms that can convert atmospheric nitrogen gas to a form that can be utilized by plants are ________. - correct answer bacteria An effect of deforestation has been to ________. - correct answer increase the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere The figure below shows the growth curves of two populations of Paramecium, P. aurelia and P. caudatum. From the data, we can conclude that ________. - correct answer P. aurelia is the superior competitor in this habitat What is the range of actual efficiencies of energy transfer from one trophic level to the next? - correct answer 5-20% Ecology is the study of ________. - correct answer interactions between organisms and their environments Permafrost (frozen soil) is associated with which of these biomes? - correct answer Tundra If a fox eats a rodent that ate a smaller insect that ate a plant, the fox is a(n) - correct answer tertiary consumer A ________ species is fundamentally essential to an ecosystem; its loss changes the structure of the entire community, even though it may only represent a small portion of the population. - correct answer keystone The greenhouse effect, which has become a major ecological concern, is caused by - correct answer the increase in atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases (CO2,CH4, and N2O) The animals shown in the photographs are found in which biome? - correct answer The greatest diversity of plants an