HESI ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL
EXAM NEWEST 2025/2026 COMPLETE 100
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED
A+||BRAND NEW!!
metabolic acidosis - answer-low pH, low HCO3
metabolic alkalosis - answer-high pH, high HCO3
respiratory acidosis - answer-low pH, high CO2
respiratory alkalosis - answer-high pH, low CO2
Neuro exams include: - answer--hand strength, limb strength
-ability to follow commands
-ability to move eyes in equal and uniform fashion
-deep pain stimulus response
-symmetrical and coordinated movement
-clear, speech.
,Acute Bronchitis patho - answer-infection or inflammation of the bronchi. In
more than 90% of individuals, this is a self-limiting disorder caused by viruses.
will not have high fevers and will have only scattered coarse wheezes on
examination without evidence of pulmonary consolidation.
Chest X-ray examination is usually normal.
Chronic Bronchitis patho sequence - answer-The chronic bronchitis
pathophysiologic sequence of events is as follows:
Hypersecretion of bronchial mucus, which leads to
Recurrent respiratory infections, which lead to
Airway inflammation, which leads to
Bronchospasm and irreversible airway obstruction
chronic bronchitis patho - answer-characterized by chronic inflammation with
recruitment of neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes to the lung, with
progressive damage to airways and the lung parenchyma.
hyperplasia of the mucus-producing goblet cells of the bronchial epithelium
occurs, resulting in the production of large amounts of mucus in the airways.
Mucus accumulation facilitates the colonization and growth of bacteria, which
further contributes to airway inflammation, bronchospasm, and eventual
scarring.
, Narrowed airways cause v/q mismatching and expiratory airway obstruction
with air trapping, resulting in both hypoxemia and hypercapnia.
CAD risk factors pathological - answer-Major:
Advanced age
Gender (men > women before age 55, women > men after age 55)
Dyslipidemia
Hypertension
Smoking
Diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance
Obesity
Sedentary lifestyle
Metabolic syndrome
Atherogenic diet
Non traditional:
Markers of inflammation
C-reactive protein (CRP)
Fibrinogen
Protein C
Others
Troponin I
Adipokines
EXAM NEWEST 2025/2026 COMPLETE 100
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED
A+||BRAND NEW!!
metabolic acidosis - answer-low pH, low HCO3
metabolic alkalosis - answer-high pH, high HCO3
respiratory acidosis - answer-low pH, high CO2
respiratory alkalosis - answer-high pH, low CO2
Neuro exams include: - answer--hand strength, limb strength
-ability to follow commands
-ability to move eyes in equal and uniform fashion
-deep pain stimulus response
-symmetrical and coordinated movement
-clear, speech.
,Acute Bronchitis patho - answer-infection or inflammation of the bronchi. In
more than 90% of individuals, this is a self-limiting disorder caused by viruses.
will not have high fevers and will have only scattered coarse wheezes on
examination without evidence of pulmonary consolidation.
Chest X-ray examination is usually normal.
Chronic Bronchitis patho sequence - answer-The chronic bronchitis
pathophysiologic sequence of events is as follows:
Hypersecretion of bronchial mucus, which leads to
Recurrent respiratory infections, which lead to
Airway inflammation, which leads to
Bronchospasm and irreversible airway obstruction
chronic bronchitis patho - answer-characterized by chronic inflammation with
recruitment of neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes to the lung, with
progressive damage to airways and the lung parenchyma.
hyperplasia of the mucus-producing goblet cells of the bronchial epithelium
occurs, resulting in the production of large amounts of mucus in the airways.
Mucus accumulation facilitates the colonization and growth of bacteria, which
further contributes to airway inflammation, bronchospasm, and eventual
scarring.
, Narrowed airways cause v/q mismatching and expiratory airway obstruction
with air trapping, resulting in both hypoxemia and hypercapnia.
CAD risk factors pathological - answer-Major:
Advanced age
Gender (men > women before age 55, women > men after age 55)
Dyslipidemia
Hypertension
Smoking
Diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance
Obesity
Sedentary lifestyle
Metabolic syndrome
Atherogenic diet
Non traditional:
Markers of inflammation
C-reactive protein (CRP)
Fibrinogen
Protein C
Others
Troponin I
Adipokines
