NUR 242
NUR 242 MED SURG EXAM 3 NEWEST LATEST
ACTUAL EXAM 250 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS 2025
What is ventilation? -Correct Answer ✔the movement of air into and out of the
lungs
What is perfusion? -Correct Answer ✔the circulation of blood through the lungs
What are central chemoreceptors responsive to? -Correct Answer ✔increased H+
in the brain ECF;
increased PaCO2;
"hypercarbic drive"
What are peripheral chemoreceptors responsive to? -Correct Answer ✔decreased
pH;
increased PaCO2;
decreased PaO2;
"hypoxic drive"
What are elastic forces? -Correct Answer ✔lungs recoil due to elastin, collagen,
fibrin
What are surface forces? -Correct Answer ✔surface tension due to water-air
interface
What is airway resistance? -Correct Answer ✔opposition to flow caused by the
forces of friction; primarily determined by airway radius
What is the distensibility of the lungs? -Correct Answer ✔ease with which the
lungs can be inflated
NUR 242
,NUR 242
What is lung distensibility increased in? -Correct Answer ✔neonates and children;
emphysema
What is lung distensibility decreased in? -Correct Answer ✔elderly;
pneumonia, pulmonary edema, ARDS, atelectasis, fibrosis
What is surfactant? -Correct Answer ✔complex substance lining the alveoli and
smallest bronchioles containing phospholipids and a number of apoproteins which
reduces surface tension throughout the lungs, thereby contributing to its general
compliance;
stabilizes the alveoli and keeps them dry
What produces surfactant? -Correct Answer ✔produced by the Type II alveolar
cells
What is Ohm's law? -Correct Answer ✔velocity = driving force/resistance
What is Poiseuille law? -Correct Answer ✔resistance = (8 x viscosity x length) /
(pi x radius^4)
What happens if the radius in the lungs goes down? -Correct Answer ✔the
resistance goes up
How is the ventilation distributed in the lungs? -Correct Answer ✔the top of the
lungs are more distended and less compliant whereas the lower lung is small and
highly compliant
What factors affect lung perfusion? -Correct Answer ✔lung capacitance;
low resistance system;
flow influenced by gravity;
resistance primarily determined by vessel radius
NUR 242
,NUR 242
What does hypoxia lead to? -Correct Answer ✔vasoconstriction of pulmonary
vessels
What does prolonged hypoxia lead to? -Correct Answer ✔pulmonary hypertension
What factors affect alveolar-capillary diffusion? -Correct Answer ✔capillary
permeability;
surface area available for diffusion;
concentration gradient for the gas;
distance for diffusion
What causes right shifts (decreased affinity) in Hemoglobin-O2 affinity? -Correct
Answer ✔acidemia;
hyperthermia;
hypercarbia
What causes left shifts (increased affinity) in Hemoglobin-O2 affinity? -Correct
Answer ✔alkalemia;
hypothermia;
hypocarbia
What is hypoxemia? -Correct Answer ✔deficient blood oxygen;
low PaO2;
low O2 saturation
What is hypoxia? -Correct Answer ✔decreased tissue oxygen
What is hypoxic hypoxia? -Correct Answer ✔decreased tissue oxygen caused by
decreased respirations
What is anemic hypoxia? -Correct Answer ✔decreased tissue oxygen caused by
decreased hemoglobin
NUR 242
, NUR 242
What is circulatory hypoxia? -Correct Answer ✔decreased tissue oxygen caused
by decreased blood flow
What is histotoxic hypoxia? -Correct Answer ✔decreased tissue oxygen caused by
increased toxic substance
What is ischemia? -Correct Answer ✔greatly reduced or interrupted flow through
the arterial system, producing significant tissue hypoxia
What is hypercapnia? -Correct Answer ✔increased level of CO2 in the blood
What are S&S of acute hypoxia? -Correct Answer ✔dyspnea; restlessness;
palpitations; agitation; headache; tremors; diaphoresis; respiratory distress;
cyanosis; tachypnea; tachycardia; dysrhythmias; hypertension; lethargy; confusion
to coma
What are some effects of hypercapnia? -Correct Answer ✔respiratory acidosis
(decreased pH from increase in CO2); lethargy and confusion; increased HR and
BP; flushed skin; arrhythmias; seizures; coma; death
What is dyspnea? -Correct Answer ✔subjective feeling of being SOB
What does dyspnea lead to? -Correct Answer ✔decreased sense of wellness which
may cause psychological and social consequences
What is the leading cause of cancer death? -Correct Answer ✔lung cancer
What is lung cancer most likely caused by? -Correct Answer ✔cigarette smoking;
asbestos;
familial predisposition
What are the manifestations of lung cancer? -Correct Answer ✔cough, hemoptysis
(blood in cough sputum);
NUR 242
NUR 242 MED SURG EXAM 3 NEWEST LATEST
ACTUAL EXAM 250 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS 2025
What is ventilation? -Correct Answer ✔the movement of air into and out of the
lungs
What is perfusion? -Correct Answer ✔the circulation of blood through the lungs
What are central chemoreceptors responsive to? -Correct Answer ✔increased H+
in the brain ECF;
increased PaCO2;
"hypercarbic drive"
What are peripheral chemoreceptors responsive to? -Correct Answer ✔decreased
pH;
increased PaCO2;
decreased PaO2;
"hypoxic drive"
What are elastic forces? -Correct Answer ✔lungs recoil due to elastin, collagen,
fibrin
What are surface forces? -Correct Answer ✔surface tension due to water-air
interface
What is airway resistance? -Correct Answer ✔opposition to flow caused by the
forces of friction; primarily determined by airway radius
What is the distensibility of the lungs? -Correct Answer ✔ease with which the
lungs can be inflated
NUR 242
,NUR 242
What is lung distensibility increased in? -Correct Answer ✔neonates and children;
emphysema
What is lung distensibility decreased in? -Correct Answer ✔elderly;
pneumonia, pulmonary edema, ARDS, atelectasis, fibrosis
What is surfactant? -Correct Answer ✔complex substance lining the alveoli and
smallest bronchioles containing phospholipids and a number of apoproteins which
reduces surface tension throughout the lungs, thereby contributing to its general
compliance;
stabilizes the alveoli and keeps them dry
What produces surfactant? -Correct Answer ✔produced by the Type II alveolar
cells
What is Ohm's law? -Correct Answer ✔velocity = driving force/resistance
What is Poiseuille law? -Correct Answer ✔resistance = (8 x viscosity x length) /
(pi x radius^4)
What happens if the radius in the lungs goes down? -Correct Answer ✔the
resistance goes up
How is the ventilation distributed in the lungs? -Correct Answer ✔the top of the
lungs are more distended and less compliant whereas the lower lung is small and
highly compliant
What factors affect lung perfusion? -Correct Answer ✔lung capacitance;
low resistance system;
flow influenced by gravity;
resistance primarily determined by vessel radius
NUR 242
,NUR 242
What does hypoxia lead to? -Correct Answer ✔vasoconstriction of pulmonary
vessels
What does prolonged hypoxia lead to? -Correct Answer ✔pulmonary hypertension
What factors affect alveolar-capillary diffusion? -Correct Answer ✔capillary
permeability;
surface area available for diffusion;
concentration gradient for the gas;
distance for diffusion
What causes right shifts (decreased affinity) in Hemoglobin-O2 affinity? -Correct
Answer ✔acidemia;
hyperthermia;
hypercarbia
What causes left shifts (increased affinity) in Hemoglobin-O2 affinity? -Correct
Answer ✔alkalemia;
hypothermia;
hypocarbia
What is hypoxemia? -Correct Answer ✔deficient blood oxygen;
low PaO2;
low O2 saturation
What is hypoxia? -Correct Answer ✔decreased tissue oxygen
What is hypoxic hypoxia? -Correct Answer ✔decreased tissue oxygen caused by
decreased respirations
What is anemic hypoxia? -Correct Answer ✔decreased tissue oxygen caused by
decreased hemoglobin
NUR 242
, NUR 242
What is circulatory hypoxia? -Correct Answer ✔decreased tissue oxygen caused
by decreased blood flow
What is histotoxic hypoxia? -Correct Answer ✔decreased tissue oxygen caused by
increased toxic substance
What is ischemia? -Correct Answer ✔greatly reduced or interrupted flow through
the arterial system, producing significant tissue hypoxia
What is hypercapnia? -Correct Answer ✔increased level of CO2 in the blood
What are S&S of acute hypoxia? -Correct Answer ✔dyspnea; restlessness;
palpitations; agitation; headache; tremors; diaphoresis; respiratory distress;
cyanosis; tachypnea; tachycardia; dysrhythmias; hypertension; lethargy; confusion
to coma
What are some effects of hypercapnia? -Correct Answer ✔respiratory acidosis
(decreased pH from increase in CO2); lethargy and confusion; increased HR and
BP; flushed skin; arrhythmias; seizures; coma; death
What is dyspnea? -Correct Answer ✔subjective feeling of being SOB
What does dyspnea lead to? -Correct Answer ✔decreased sense of wellness which
may cause psychological and social consequences
What is the leading cause of cancer death? -Correct Answer ✔lung cancer
What is lung cancer most likely caused by? -Correct Answer ✔cigarette smoking;
asbestos;
familial predisposition
What are the manifestations of lung cancer? -Correct Answer ✔cough, hemoptysis
(blood in cough sputum);
NUR 242
