NU 327 Final Exam 2025/2026 | Complete
Nursing Study Guide with Lab Values,
Diseases, & Correct Answers.
Normal RBC count
Female: 4.2-5.4
Male 4.5-6.2
Normal WBC count
Female: 4500-11000
male: 5000-10,000
Normal Hematocrit
Female: 37-47%
Male: 42-52%
Normal HDL (protective levels)
Female: >55mg/dL
male> 45 mg/dL
Normal LDL
Beneficial: <100 mg/dL
harmful: >160 mg/dL
Normal Ejection Fraction (EF)
60-80%
Normal Hemoglobin
female: 12-16
male: 14-18
Normal sodium levels
135-145 mEq/L
normal potassium levels
3.5-5.0 mEq/L
,normal total cholesterol
<200 mg/dL
Normal Troponin
<0.5 for Troponin 1 and <0.1 for Troponin T
Normal BNP level
<100 pg/mL indicates no heart failure
Normal PaCO2 range
35-45 mm Hg (Acid)
Normal Creatinine (reflects GFR for renal function)
Female: 0.5-1.1 mg/dL
male: 0.6-1.2 mg/dL
Normal pH range
7.35-7.45
Normal Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)
10-20 mg/dL (indirect measure of overall hydration)
Absolute pH
7.4
Normal HCO3 range
22-26 mEq/L
Normal SaO2
95-100%
Normal PaO2 levels
80-100 mmHg
normal BP range
120/80-140/90
Normal V/Q ratio
, 4:5 or 0.8
Diabetes mellitus type 1
Dietary intervention (low carbohydrate) + insulin replacement
- a disease in which body does not make enough insulin to control blood sugar levels.
-Symptoms: increased thirst, frequent urination, hunger, fatigue, blurred vision
treatment: insulin, diet, exercise
- happens mostly in adolescents
Diabetes mellitus type 2
treatment: Dietary intervention, oral hypoglycemics, and insulin (if refractory)
- Body doesn't produce enough insulin or it resists insulin.
- symptoms: frequent urination, increased thirst, hunger, fatigue, blurred vision
Hypertension
High blood pressure, higher than 140/90
- creates severe complications like heart disease, stroke, and sometimes death.
may sometimes have no symptoms
-Blood Pressure is the force that a persons blood exerts against the walls of their blood vessels.
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
rapid loss of renal function due to damage to the kidneys; formerly called acute renal failure
- rapid kidney failure that can happen in hours or days.
- causes a build up of waste products in your blood and makes it hard For your kidneys to keep
the right balance of fluid in your body.
Symptoms: decreased urine output, swelling due to fluid retention, nausea, fatigue, and
shortness of breath.
heart failure (HF)
- condition in which there is an inability of the heart to pump enough blood through the body to
supply the tissues and organs with nutrients and oxygen.
- symptoms: shortness of breath, fatigue, swollen legs, and rapid heartbeat.
- treatment: medicine( beta blocker, ACE inhibitior, vasodilator), less salt, limit fluid intake,
exercise, quit smoking.
COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)
A group of lung diseases that block airflow and make it difficult to breathe.
- Symptoms: shortness of breath, wheezing, chronic cough.
Nursing Study Guide with Lab Values,
Diseases, & Correct Answers.
Normal RBC count
Female: 4.2-5.4
Male 4.5-6.2
Normal WBC count
Female: 4500-11000
male: 5000-10,000
Normal Hematocrit
Female: 37-47%
Male: 42-52%
Normal HDL (protective levels)
Female: >55mg/dL
male> 45 mg/dL
Normal LDL
Beneficial: <100 mg/dL
harmful: >160 mg/dL
Normal Ejection Fraction (EF)
60-80%
Normal Hemoglobin
female: 12-16
male: 14-18
Normal sodium levels
135-145 mEq/L
normal potassium levels
3.5-5.0 mEq/L
,normal total cholesterol
<200 mg/dL
Normal Troponin
<0.5 for Troponin 1 and <0.1 for Troponin T
Normal BNP level
<100 pg/mL indicates no heart failure
Normal PaCO2 range
35-45 mm Hg (Acid)
Normal Creatinine (reflects GFR for renal function)
Female: 0.5-1.1 mg/dL
male: 0.6-1.2 mg/dL
Normal pH range
7.35-7.45
Normal Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)
10-20 mg/dL (indirect measure of overall hydration)
Absolute pH
7.4
Normal HCO3 range
22-26 mEq/L
Normal SaO2
95-100%
Normal PaO2 levels
80-100 mmHg
normal BP range
120/80-140/90
Normal V/Q ratio
, 4:5 or 0.8
Diabetes mellitus type 1
Dietary intervention (low carbohydrate) + insulin replacement
- a disease in which body does not make enough insulin to control blood sugar levels.
-Symptoms: increased thirst, frequent urination, hunger, fatigue, blurred vision
treatment: insulin, diet, exercise
- happens mostly in adolescents
Diabetes mellitus type 2
treatment: Dietary intervention, oral hypoglycemics, and insulin (if refractory)
- Body doesn't produce enough insulin or it resists insulin.
- symptoms: frequent urination, increased thirst, hunger, fatigue, blurred vision
Hypertension
High blood pressure, higher than 140/90
- creates severe complications like heart disease, stroke, and sometimes death.
may sometimes have no symptoms
-Blood Pressure is the force that a persons blood exerts against the walls of their blood vessels.
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
rapid loss of renal function due to damage to the kidneys; formerly called acute renal failure
- rapid kidney failure that can happen in hours or days.
- causes a build up of waste products in your blood and makes it hard For your kidneys to keep
the right balance of fluid in your body.
Symptoms: decreased urine output, swelling due to fluid retention, nausea, fatigue, and
shortness of breath.
heart failure (HF)
- condition in which there is an inability of the heart to pump enough blood through the body to
supply the tissues and organs with nutrients and oxygen.
- symptoms: shortness of breath, fatigue, swollen legs, and rapid heartbeat.
- treatment: medicine( beta blocker, ACE inhibitior, vasodilator), less salt, limit fluid intake,
exercise, quit smoking.
COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)
A group of lung diseases that block airflow and make it difficult to breathe.
- Symptoms: shortness of breath, wheezing, chronic cough.
