NR 566 Midterm Exam (2 Latest Versions 2025-2026) /
NR566 Midterm Exam Review /Latest Advanced
Pharmacology For Care Of Family | A Grade
Community Acquired Pneumonia - Common Pathogens ANS -S. pneumoniae
-Mycoplasma spp.
-H. influenzae
-Staphylococcus aureus
Community Acquired Pneumonia - 1st line treatment for previously healthy adults and what to give if 1st drug
didn't work? ANS 1st line: Amoxicillin, doxycycline and macrolide (Azithromycin)
Second choice: Levaquin (Fluroquinolones)
Treatment for M. Pneumoniae in pediatric patients? ANS Macrolides: Azithromycin, Erythromycin,
Clarithromycin
Treatment of community acquired pneumonia in pregnancy ANS Amoxicillin, cephalosporins, or
erythromycin
If someone has been treated w/ an antibiotic in the previous 90 days of contracting CAP, a quinolone would be
prudent choice to prescribe. Be familiar with drug examples w/n the antibiotic class ANS "floxacin"
Genifloxacin
Ciprofloxacin
Treatment of chlamydial pneumonia in an infant? ANS Erythromycin 12.5 mg/kg PO QID x 14 days
When to use a broad-spectrum anitbiotic? ANS -before cultures result
-critically ill patient
-empiric therapy
-pathogen is unknown or multiple types of bacteria suspected
-Gram + cocci and Gram - Bacilli
, Narrow-spectrum antibiotics ANS -active against only a few species of microogranisms
-used when pathogen is known
-reduces risk of disruption of normal flora and development of antibiotic resistance
-preferred when possible
-Gram + cocci, Gram - bacilli, gram - aerobes, mycobacterium TB
Empiric antibiotics - What are they? ANS Broad spectrum antibiotics
-Ciprofloxacin, timethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, Amoxicillin
When to prescribed empiric antibiotics ANS -patient has severe infection
-before test results are available
-based on clinical evaluation and knowledge of microbes that are most likely causing the infection
C. Diff associated diarrhea - how to treat? ANS Stop prior antibiotic and start Vancomycin or Fidaxomicin
or Metronidazole
Chart in Book
Drug class known for ALL drugs in class to promote development of C. Diff ANS -Cephalosporins
Specifically: 2nd generation (Cefoxitin) and 3rd generation (Cefotaxime)
-Fluoroquinolones (Ciprofloxacin and Levofloxacin)
-Clindamycin
Penicillin - Cross-sensitivity reaction ANS Cephalosporins
Penicillin - prescribing in pregnant patients ANS Avoid in 1st trimester
No 2nd or 3rd fetal risk
Cephalosporins - Patient Education ANS -Do not take if allergic to penicillin
-Interacts w/ alcohol (disulfiram-like reaction)
-Interacts with Vitamin K clotting factors (Can promote bleeding esp. w/ NSAIDs, thrombolytics, and
anticoagulants)
NR566 Midterm Exam Review /Latest Advanced
Pharmacology For Care Of Family | A Grade
Community Acquired Pneumonia - Common Pathogens ANS -S. pneumoniae
-Mycoplasma spp.
-H. influenzae
-Staphylococcus aureus
Community Acquired Pneumonia - 1st line treatment for previously healthy adults and what to give if 1st drug
didn't work? ANS 1st line: Amoxicillin, doxycycline and macrolide (Azithromycin)
Second choice: Levaquin (Fluroquinolones)
Treatment for M. Pneumoniae in pediatric patients? ANS Macrolides: Azithromycin, Erythromycin,
Clarithromycin
Treatment of community acquired pneumonia in pregnancy ANS Amoxicillin, cephalosporins, or
erythromycin
If someone has been treated w/ an antibiotic in the previous 90 days of contracting CAP, a quinolone would be
prudent choice to prescribe. Be familiar with drug examples w/n the antibiotic class ANS "floxacin"
Genifloxacin
Ciprofloxacin
Treatment of chlamydial pneumonia in an infant? ANS Erythromycin 12.5 mg/kg PO QID x 14 days
When to use a broad-spectrum anitbiotic? ANS -before cultures result
-critically ill patient
-empiric therapy
-pathogen is unknown or multiple types of bacteria suspected
-Gram + cocci and Gram - Bacilli
, Narrow-spectrum antibiotics ANS -active against only a few species of microogranisms
-used when pathogen is known
-reduces risk of disruption of normal flora and development of antibiotic resistance
-preferred when possible
-Gram + cocci, Gram - bacilli, gram - aerobes, mycobacterium TB
Empiric antibiotics - What are they? ANS Broad spectrum antibiotics
-Ciprofloxacin, timethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, Amoxicillin
When to prescribed empiric antibiotics ANS -patient has severe infection
-before test results are available
-based on clinical evaluation and knowledge of microbes that are most likely causing the infection
C. Diff associated diarrhea - how to treat? ANS Stop prior antibiotic and start Vancomycin or Fidaxomicin
or Metronidazole
Chart in Book
Drug class known for ALL drugs in class to promote development of C. Diff ANS -Cephalosporins
Specifically: 2nd generation (Cefoxitin) and 3rd generation (Cefotaxime)
-Fluoroquinolones (Ciprofloxacin and Levofloxacin)
-Clindamycin
Penicillin - Cross-sensitivity reaction ANS Cephalosporins
Penicillin - prescribing in pregnant patients ANS Avoid in 1st trimester
No 2nd or 3rd fetal risk
Cephalosporins - Patient Education ANS -Do not take if allergic to penicillin
-Interacts w/ alcohol (disulfiram-like reaction)
-Interacts with Vitamin K clotting factors (Can promote bleeding esp. w/ NSAIDs, thrombolytics, and
anticoagulants)
