INTRO TO PSYCHOLOGY
FINALS REVIEWER
STATE OF CONSCIOUSNESS stage 4
— describes our awareness of internal and external - paradoxical sleep
stimuli - REM 10 to 60 minutes
— the state of being aware - dreaming
- active mind, sleeping body
● sleep : relatively low levels of physical activity
and reduced sensory awareness that is distinct tips
from periods of rest that occur during 1. stick to a sleep schedule
wakefulness 2. avoid anything stimulating for an hour before bed
● wakefulness : characterized by high levels of 3. exercise daily
sensory awareness, thought, and behavior 4. avoid naps
5. keep your bedroom temperature between 60° and 67°
6. avoid alcohol, cigarettes, caffeine, and heavy meals
biological rhythm (adjusts) before bed
— internal rhythms of biological activity 7. if you cannot fall asleep, leave your bed and do
— ex: body temperature fluctuates cyclically over a 24 something else until you feel tired again
hour period
types of sleep disorders
circadian rhythm 1. insomnia
— a biological rhythm that takes place over a period of — difficulty in falling/staying asleep
about 24 hours — can cause anxiety, depression, and sleep deprivation
— daily cycles; the intrinsic process that controls the
circadian cycle 2. parasomnia
● main center of homeostasis : the hypothalamus — undesirable behavioral or physiological event that
(lies above the pituitary gland) happens during sleep
● suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) — abnormal movements, behaviors, reactions,
● homeostasis : the tendency to maintain a perceptions, or dreams
balance or optimal level, within a biological
system 3. sleep walking
— engages in relatively complex behaviors ranging from
sleep is associated with the section and reg wandering about to driving an automobile
ulation of a number of hormones from several endocrine — REM but in deep sleep
glands including; melatonin, follicle stimulating hormone
(FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and growth hormone 4. REM sleep behavior disorder
— have high levels of physical activity during REM sleep,
especially during disturbing dreams, clonazepam; anti
anxiety medication with melatonin
5. sleep apnea
— associated with loud snoring, CPAP (continuous
positive airway pressure)
— more common in overweight people
6. sudden infant death syndrome
— infants younger than 12 months appear to be at the
highest peak/risk for SIDS
adaptive function of sleep — especially boys
— to restore resources that are expended during the day
7. narcolepsy
cognitive function of sleep — cannot resist falling asleep at inappropriate times
— to maintain attention, make decisions, and recall long
term memories and creative thinking substance abuse disorder
— individual diagnosed with a substance abuse disorder,
stages of sleep there is a compulsive pattern of drug use, associated
stage 1 with both physical and psychological dependence
- transitional sleep/phase ● stimulants : cocaine, amphetamine,
- NREM 1 to 7 minutes methamphetamine, MDMA (ecstasy or molly)
- lightest sleep - methamphetamine; increases overall
- small twitches levels of neural activity
- brain activities slow down - caffeine; maintains increased levels of
stage 2 alertness and arousal
- deep relaxation, alpha waves, theta waves, low ● sedative-hypnotics : alcohol, barbiturates,
frequency, k-complexes benzo-diazepines
- NREM 10 to 25 minutes ● opiates : opium, heroin, fentanyl, morphine
- deeper stage of light sleep ● hallucinogens : marijuana, LSD, peyote,
- body temperature drops mescaline
FINALS REVIEWER
STATE OF CONSCIOUSNESS stage 4
— describes our awareness of internal and external - paradoxical sleep
stimuli - REM 10 to 60 minutes
— the state of being aware - dreaming
- active mind, sleeping body
● sleep : relatively low levels of physical activity
and reduced sensory awareness that is distinct tips
from periods of rest that occur during 1. stick to a sleep schedule
wakefulness 2. avoid anything stimulating for an hour before bed
● wakefulness : characterized by high levels of 3. exercise daily
sensory awareness, thought, and behavior 4. avoid naps
5. keep your bedroom temperature between 60° and 67°
6. avoid alcohol, cigarettes, caffeine, and heavy meals
biological rhythm (adjusts) before bed
— internal rhythms of biological activity 7. if you cannot fall asleep, leave your bed and do
— ex: body temperature fluctuates cyclically over a 24 something else until you feel tired again
hour period
types of sleep disorders
circadian rhythm 1. insomnia
— a biological rhythm that takes place over a period of — difficulty in falling/staying asleep
about 24 hours — can cause anxiety, depression, and sleep deprivation
— daily cycles; the intrinsic process that controls the
circadian cycle 2. parasomnia
● main center of homeostasis : the hypothalamus — undesirable behavioral or physiological event that
(lies above the pituitary gland) happens during sleep
● suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) — abnormal movements, behaviors, reactions,
● homeostasis : the tendency to maintain a perceptions, or dreams
balance or optimal level, within a biological
system 3. sleep walking
— engages in relatively complex behaviors ranging from
sleep is associated with the section and reg wandering about to driving an automobile
ulation of a number of hormones from several endocrine — REM but in deep sleep
glands including; melatonin, follicle stimulating hormone
(FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and growth hormone 4. REM sleep behavior disorder
— have high levels of physical activity during REM sleep,
especially during disturbing dreams, clonazepam; anti
anxiety medication with melatonin
5. sleep apnea
— associated with loud snoring, CPAP (continuous
positive airway pressure)
— more common in overweight people
6. sudden infant death syndrome
— infants younger than 12 months appear to be at the
highest peak/risk for SIDS
adaptive function of sleep — especially boys
— to restore resources that are expended during the day
7. narcolepsy
cognitive function of sleep — cannot resist falling asleep at inappropriate times
— to maintain attention, make decisions, and recall long
term memories and creative thinking substance abuse disorder
— individual diagnosed with a substance abuse disorder,
stages of sleep there is a compulsive pattern of drug use, associated
stage 1 with both physical and psychological dependence
- transitional sleep/phase ● stimulants : cocaine, amphetamine,
- NREM 1 to 7 minutes methamphetamine, MDMA (ecstasy or molly)
- lightest sleep - methamphetamine; increases overall
- small twitches levels of neural activity
- brain activities slow down - caffeine; maintains increased levels of
stage 2 alertness and arousal
- deep relaxation, alpha waves, theta waves, low ● sedative-hypnotics : alcohol, barbiturates,
frequency, k-complexes benzo-diazepines
- NREM 10 to 25 minutes ● opiates : opium, heroin, fentanyl, morphine
- deeper stage of light sleep ● hallucinogens : marijuana, LSD, peyote,
- body temperature drops mescaline
