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Students With Disabilities CST NYSTCE (060) Newly Updated 2025/26
Exam With Multiple Choice Questions And Answers (Verified Answers)
||Guaranteed Pass Score
Question 1
A special education teacher plans reading instruction for students with dyslexia. Which
evidence-based approach is most effective, focusing on phonemic awareness, phonics, and
systematic decoding skills to build literacy success?
A. Whole language
B. Balanced literacy
C. Orton-Gillingham approach
D. Silent reading immersion
Answer: C. Orton-Gillingham approach
Explanation: Orton-Gillingham uses multisensory, structured, sequential methods proven
effective for dyslexia, building phonemic awareness and decoding proficiency.
Question 2
During an IEP meeting, a parent expresses concern about her child’s lack of social skills. Which
related service would be most appropriate to address pragmatic communication difficulties
within the student’s educational program?
A. Occupational therapy
B. Physical therapy
C. Speech-language therapy
D. Vision services
Answer: C. Speech-language therapy
Explanation: Speech-language therapy builds pragmatic language and communication skills,
critical for social interaction and peer relationships.
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Question 3
When implementing positive behavioral interventions and supports (PBIS), what is the primary
focus for students with emotional and behavioral disabilities to promote long-term academic
and behavioral success across environments?
A. Consequences
B. Punishment
C. Proactive reinforcement
D. Detention
Answer: C. Proactive reinforcement
Explanation: PBIS emphasizes proactive, positive reinforcement to teach expected behaviors and
build supportive classroom environments.
Question 4
A student with ADHD struggles with sustained attention and organization. Which classroom
strategy would best support executive functioning skills while promoting independence in
academic tasks and reducing reliance on adult prompts?
A. Extended time
B. Token rewards
C. Visual schedules
D. Group tutoring
Answer: C. Visual schedules
Explanation: Visual schedules enhance organization, task sequencing, and independence for
students with ADHD.
Question 5
Which assessment approach provides the most accurate information about a student’s ability to
apply learned skills in authentic contexts, rather than relying solely on standardized test
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performance or norm-referenced comparisons?
A. Dynamic assessment
B. Curriculum-based assessment
C. High-stakes testing
D. Intelligence testing
Answer: B. Curriculum-based assessment
Explanation: Curriculum-based assessments directly connect to instruction, measuring real
learning progress in context.
Question 6
A student with an intellectual disability demonstrates difficulty with problem-solving and
generalization. Which instructional strategy best supports transfer of learning across settings
and ensures skill maintenance in real-world environments?
A. Massed practice
B. Rote memorization
C. Community-based instruction
D. Independent seatwork
Answer: C. Community-based instruction
Explanation: Community-based instruction ensures functional skill transfer into authentic, real-
life settings.
Question 7
In co-teaching, when one teacher provides direct instruction while the other circulates to
support students individually, which collaborative instructional model is being demonstrated in
the inclusive classroom environment?
A. Station teaching
B. Parallel teaching
C. One teach, one assist
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D. Alternative teaching
Answer: C. One teach, one assist
Explanation: One teacher leads instruction, while the other supports students with
accommodations and individual assistance.
Question 8
Under IDEA, which component ensures students with disabilities are educated with nondisabled
peers to the maximum extent appropriate, unless their needs cannot be met in general
education settings with supports?
A. Free appropriate public education
B. Due process
C. Least restrictive environment
D. Procedural safeguards
Answer: C. Least restrictive environment
Explanation: LRE mandates inclusive settings with necessary supports before considering more
restrictive placements.
Question 9
A high school student with a specific learning disability struggles in math problem solving.
Which instructional approach would be most effective for supporting concept understanding,
reasoning, and long-term retention of skills?
A. Repetition drills
B. Concrete-representational-abstract sequence
C. Timed tests
D. Lecture-based learning
Answer: B. Concrete-representational-abstract sequence
Explanation: CRA scaffolds math from manipulatives to visuals to abstract symbols, enhancing
conceptual understanding.
Students With Disabilities CST NYSTCE (060) Newly Updated 2025/26
Exam With Multiple Choice Questions And Answers (Verified Answers)
||Guaranteed Pass Score
Question 1
A special education teacher plans reading instruction for students with dyslexia. Which
evidence-based approach is most effective, focusing on phonemic awareness, phonics, and
systematic decoding skills to build literacy success?
A. Whole language
B. Balanced literacy
C. Orton-Gillingham approach
D. Silent reading immersion
Answer: C. Orton-Gillingham approach
Explanation: Orton-Gillingham uses multisensory, structured, sequential methods proven
effective for dyslexia, building phonemic awareness and decoding proficiency.
Question 2
During an IEP meeting, a parent expresses concern about her child’s lack of social skills. Which
related service would be most appropriate to address pragmatic communication difficulties
within the student’s educational program?
A. Occupational therapy
B. Physical therapy
C. Speech-language therapy
D. Vision services
Answer: C. Speech-language therapy
Explanation: Speech-language therapy builds pragmatic language and communication skills,
critical for social interaction and peer relationships.
,2|Page
Question 3
When implementing positive behavioral interventions and supports (PBIS), what is the primary
focus for students with emotional and behavioral disabilities to promote long-term academic
and behavioral success across environments?
A. Consequences
B. Punishment
C. Proactive reinforcement
D. Detention
Answer: C. Proactive reinforcement
Explanation: PBIS emphasizes proactive, positive reinforcement to teach expected behaviors and
build supportive classroom environments.
Question 4
A student with ADHD struggles with sustained attention and organization. Which classroom
strategy would best support executive functioning skills while promoting independence in
academic tasks and reducing reliance on adult prompts?
A. Extended time
B. Token rewards
C. Visual schedules
D. Group tutoring
Answer: C. Visual schedules
Explanation: Visual schedules enhance organization, task sequencing, and independence for
students with ADHD.
Question 5
Which assessment approach provides the most accurate information about a student’s ability to
apply learned skills in authentic contexts, rather than relying solely on standardized test
,3|Page
performance or norm-referenced comparisons?
A. Dynamic assessment
B. Curriculum-based assessment
C. High-stakes testing
D. Intelligence testing
Answer: B. Curriculum-based assessment
Explanation: Curriculum-based assessments directly connect to instruction, measuring real
learning progress in context.
Question 6
A student with an intellectual disability demonstrates difficulty with problem-solving and
generalization. Which instructional strategy best supports transfer of learning across settings
and ensures skill maintenance in real-world environments?
A. Massed practice
B. Rote memorization
C. Community-based instruction
D. Independent seatwork
Answer: C. Community-based instruction
Explanation: Community-based instruction ensures functional skill transfer into authentic, real-
life settings.
Question 7
In co-teaching, when one teacher provides direct instruction while the other circulates to
support students individually, which collaborative instructional model is being demonstrated in
the inclusive classroom environment?
A. Station teaching
B. Parallel teaching
C. One teach, one assist
, 4|Page
D. Alternative teaching
Answer: C. One teach, one assist
Explanation: One teacher leads instruction, while the other supports students with
accommodations and individual assistance.
Question 8
Under IDEA, which component ensures students with disabilities are educated with nondisabled
peers to the maximum extent appropriate, unless their needs cannot be met in general
education settings with supports?
A. Free appropriate public education
B. Due process
C. Least restrictive environment
D. Procedural safeguards
Answer: C. Least restrictive environment
Explanation: LRE mandates inclusive settings with necessary supports before considering more
restrictive placements.
Question 9
A high school student with a specific learning disability struggles in math problem solving.
Which instructional approach would be most effective for supporting concept understanding,
reasoning, and long-term retention of skills?
A. Repetition drills
B. Concrete-representational-abstract sequence
C. Timed tests
D. Lecture-based learning
Answer: B. Concrete-representational-abstract sequence
Explanation: CRA scaffolds math from manipulatives to visuals to abstract symbols, enhancing
conceptual understanding.
