Essentials of Pediatric Nursing EXAM 2025 | ALL CURRENT EXAM VERSIONS 2025 | ACCURATE REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | ACCURATE AND VERIFIED FOR GUARANTEED PASS | GRADED A

The nurse is caring for a 12-year-old child with Crohn disease. A primary assessment the nurse would want to make when caring for the child would be to note if: A. The child has a temperature B. The child has a headache C. The child has clear lung sounds D. The child has no swollen joints Correct Answer: A. The child has a temperature Rationale: Crohn disease involves inflammation that can cause abscesses and infections. An elevated temperature may indicate worsening inflammation or infection, making it the most important assessment. An adolescent is diagnosed with hepatitis A. Which problem should be considered when planning care? A. The adolescent will become fatigued easily B. The adolescent’s urine is infectious C. The adolescent will be hypothermic D. The adolescent will be irritable Correct Answer: A. The adolescent will become fatigued easily Rationale: Hepatitis A often causes fatigue, anorexia, and flu-like symptoms. Urine is not infectious, and irritability or hypothermia are not typical symptoms. The nurse is teaching the mother of an infant with a temporary ileostomy about stoma care. What is the most important instruction to emphasize to avoid an emergency situation? A. "Call the doctor immediately if the stoma is not pink/red and moist." B. "Use adhesive remover when removing the pouch." C. "Keep the skin clean and dry." D. "Have all supplies ready before changing the pouch." Correct Answer: A. "Call the doctor immediately if the stoma is not pink/red and moist." Rationale: A healthy stoma should be pink and moist. A dry, pale, or dusky stoma may indicate compromised circulation, requiring immediate medical attention. A child is scheduled for a urea breath test. The nurse understands that this test is performed to: A. Detect gastric pH levels B. Detect Helicobacter pylori C. Confirm pancreatitis D. Evaluate esophageal contractility Correct Answer: B. Detect Helicobacter pylori Rationale: The urea breath test detects H. pylori in exhaled breath. It does not measure gastric pH, pancreatitis, or esophageal activity. A 12-year-old boy has just undergone a liver transplant. After a finger stick puncture, the nurse administers a 10% dextrose IV solution. The rationale is: A. To reduce hypertension B. To prevent hypoglycemia C. To balance electrolytes D. To prevent organ rejection Correct Answer: B. To prevent hypoglycemia Rationale: The liver regulates blood glucose. After transplantation, hypoglycemia can occur because the new liver may not function effectively at first. The nurse is assessing a 10-day-old infant for dehydration. Which finding indicates severe dehydration? A. Soft, flat fontanels B. Pale, slightly dry mucosa C. Blood pressure 80/42 mm Hg D. Tenting of skin Correct Answer: D. Tenting of skin Rationale: Skin tenting indicates severe dehydration. Mild dehydration presents as soft fontanels or dry mucosa, and the blood pressure is within normal infant range. The labor and delivery nurse notes polyhydramnios at delivery. The newborn has frothy mucus, drooling, and difficulty clearing secretions. The nurse suspects: A. Gastroschisis B. Hiatal hernia C. Esophageal atresia D. Omphalocele Correct Answer: C. Esophageal atresia Rationale: Polyhydramnios and frothy secretions are classic signs of esophageal atresia, a congenital interruption of the esophagus. The nurse is caring for a newborn with gastroschisis. Which nursing actions are appropriate? A. Cover organs with a clean dressing B. Place newborn in a radiant warmer C. Assess color of exposed abdominal organs D. Monitor hydration status for dehydration Correct Answers: B, C, D Rationale: Gastroschisis involves exposed abdominal contents without a protective sac. The nurse must assess organ perfusion, maintain temperature, and monitor hydration. Dressing should be sterile, not clean. The mother of an infant notices a bulging mass in the groin when the baby cries. The nurse should respond: A. "This is normal in infants and nothing to worry about." B. "I’ll document this and report it to the physician immediately." C. "It’s probably constipation; try giving more fluids." D. "Apply gentle pressure to reduce the swelling." Correct Answer: B. "I’ll document this and report it to the physician immediately." Rationale: This description suggests an inguinal hernia, requiring prompt medical evaluation. A mother reports her child has a thick white coating on the tongue after antibiotics. The nurse should respond: A. "Try brushing it off with a soft toothbrush." B. "It’s a fungal infection; I’ll notify the provider for treatment." C. "It’s normal and will go away on its own." D. "Stop the antibiotics immediately." Correct Answer: B. "It’s a fungal infection; I’ll notify the provider for treatment." Rationale: Thrush (fungal infection) can occur after antibiotics. It requires antifungal treatment such as nystatin, not brushing or discontinuing antibiotics. The student nurse is preparing a presentation on celiac disease. What information should be included? (Select all that apply.) A. "Symptoms include diarrhea, anemia, and dental disorders." B. "The only treatment is a strict gluten-free diet." C. "Gluten is found in wheat, rye, barley, and possibly oats." D. "Celiac disease can be cured with medications." Correct Answers: A, B, C Rationale: Celiac disease causes malabsorption symptoms, is treated only with a gluten-free diet, and gluten sources include wheat, rye, barley, and oats. No cure exists. The nurse is caring for a child prescribed vancomycin 15 mg/kg IV q6h. The child weighs 20.5 kg. How many milligrams in 24 hours? A. 615 mg B. 820 mg C. 1230 mg D. 1845 mg Correct Answer: C. 1230 mg Rationale: Dose = 15 mg × 20.5 kg = 307.5 mg per dose × 4 doses = 1230 mg in 24 hours. A child with short bowel syndrome has parents who are worried the child will "never be the same." The best nursing response is: A. "There’s nothing you could have done to prevent this." B. "I cannot imagine what you are going through; we will support and educate you." C. "Be strong for your child, it will get better soon." D. "Most children outgrow this condition eventually." Correct Answer: B. "I cannot imagine what you are going through; we will support and educate you." Rationale: This demonstrates therapeutic communication and support for the family without giving false reassurance. In caring for an infant with pyloric stenosis, the nurse anticipates which intervention? A. Change formula to lactose-free B. Prepare the infant for surgery C. Administer analgesics for pain D. Schedule a barium enema Correct Answer: B. Prepare the infant for surgery Rationale: Pyloric stenosis is corrected surgically with pyloromyotomy. It is not diet-related, not typically painful, and a barium enema diagnoses intussusception, not pyloric stenosis. The nurse is teaching caregivers of a child with idiopathic celiac disease. Which food would most likely be appropriate? A. Oatmeal B. Bananas C. Rye bread D. Wheat cereal Correct Answer: B. Bananas Rationale: Bananas are safe and well tolerated. Wheat, rye, and oats must be avoided in celiac disease. A 13-year-old with suspected autoimmune hepatitis asks about diagnostic testing. The nurse should respond: A. "You will most likely have a blood test to check for antibodies." B. "You will need an ultrasound to check your liver and spleen." C. "You will need viral studies to check for hepatitis viruses." D. "You will need ammonia level testing." Correct Answer: A. "You will most likely have a blood test to check for antibodies." Rationale: Antibody testing (e.g., ANA) is used to diagnose autoimmune hepatitis. Ultrasound and viral studies are used to rule out other causes. A child hospitalized with dehydration due to rotavirus will likely require which interventions? (Select all that apply.) A. IV fluid administration B. Monitoring intake and output C. Daily weights D. Antibiotic therapy E. Antidiarrheal medications Correct Answers: A, B, C Rationale: Rotavirus is viral, so antibiotics and antidiarrheal drugs are not used. Treatment focuses on hydration and monitoring status.