1 of 26
CLC 2025/2026 EXAM NEWEST ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 365 QUESTIONS WITH
DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS (100% CORRECT ANSWERS) / ALPP CLC EXAM
STUDY GUIDE UPDATED VERSION ACTUAL EXAM /ALREADY GRADED A+
How does iron deficiency anemia affect milk production? - ANSWER - Negative effect:
Physiologic (poor O2 to milk making cells)
Exhaustion or depression altering parent coping behavior
How does milk composition change at 24 months? - ANSWER - Carbs drop significantly, fat
increases significantly, slight protein increase. Overall, more energy content (~30 kcal/oz
vs ~18 kcal/oz for 1st year)
How does retained placental fragment affect lactation? - ANSWER - It can produce enough
progesterone to mimic what hormone does when baby is in utero, no lactogenesis II d/t no
dramatic drop in progesterone
How does Siga antibodies protect baby? - ANSWER - Having these present in baby's
intestinal tract from breastfeeding prevents them from being absorbed into the rest of the
body, provides protective effect against necrotizing enterocolitis in premise and beyond.
How does smoking affect lactation? - ANSWER - Smoking mothers make less milk and may
have lower prolactin levels. Smoking moms wean earlier. Babies of smokers can nap less.
How does the body make milk? - ANSWER - Messages from the breast travel in nervous
system to brain and then hormones travel in blood back to breast.
How does the relatively low iron content in milk help baby? - ANSWER - Excess amounts of
iron can feed the bad microbes in a baby's gut, leading to diarrhea
,2 of 26
How is colostrum different than mature milk? - ANSWER - Contains lower levels of carb
from lactose, higher protein and higher level of immune system factors
How is milk composition different with pre-term babies? - ANSWER - For first 5-7 weeks
milk is generally higher in protein, fat and every content. Milk volume is not any greater.
How many days is an infant expected to have meconium? - ANSWER - first 1-2 days of life
How many feeds per day is expected in early months? - ANSWER - 10-12 feeds/day
How many more kcals does a breastfeeding mother need daily? - ANSWER - Roughly 500
extra kcal/day
How much energy does fat provide from milk? - ANSWER - About 49%
How much more milk do mothers of twins typically produce? - ANSWER - about 1000 mL
per baby, 2000-2300 mL/day
How much weight is normal for a newborn to lose in the first few days? - ANSWER - No
more than 7% and no further wt. loss by day 5
How to help relieve engorgement? - ANSWER - Lukewarm water on breasts can help
myoepithelial cells to contract and let down milk
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Ideal angle of baby mouth with good latch? - ANSWER - 140 degrees or greater
Ideal length of a nurse? - ANSWER - Will vary but anything longer than 20 minutes is a
concern and sign of a problem
Is baby fat intake affected by specific practices during a feed? - ANSWER - There is no
difference in net fat intake according to # of breasts suckled per feed or breastfeeding
frequency.
Levels of the WHO Feeding pyramid? - ANSWER - #1: baby at breast
#2: expressed milk
#3: donor milk
#4: cow formula
#5: soy formula
List examples of suboptimal breast anatomy for lactation: - ANSWER - Absence of breast
change in pregnancy and early post-partum
No pp breast fullness or signs of abundant milk production
Hypoplastic breasts (lack of milk producing tissue)
Discrepant breast size
Mastitis symptoms? - ANSWER - systemic flu like symptoms, reddened, hard and painful
breasts
CLC 2025/2026 EXAM NEWEST ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 365 QUESTIONS WITH
DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS (100% CORRECT ANSWERS) / ALPP CLC EXAM
STUDY GUIDE UPDATED VERSION ACTUAL EXAM /ALREADY GRADED A+
How does iron deficiency anemia affect milk production? - ANSWER - Negative effect:
Physiologic (poor O2 to milk making cells)
Exhaustion or depression altering parent coping behavior
How does milk composition change at 24 months? - ANSWER - Carbs drop significantly, fat
increases significantly, slight protein increase. Overall, more energy content (~30 kcal/oz
vs ~18 kcal/oz for 1st year)
How does retained placental fragment affect lactation? - ANSWER - It can produce enough
progesterone to mimic what hormone does when baby is in utero, no lactogenesis II d/t no
dramatic drop in progesterone
How does Siga antibodies protect baby? - ANSWER - Having these present in baby's
intestinal tract from breastfeeding prevents them from being absorbed into the rest of the
body, provides protective effect against necrotizing enterocolitis in premise and beyond.
How does smoking affect lactation? - ANSWER - Smoking mothers make less milk and may
have lower prolactin levels. Smoking moms wean earlier. Babies of smokers can nap less.
How does the body make milk? - ANSWER - Messages from the breast travel in nervous
system to brain and then hormones travel in blood back to breast.
How does the relatively low iron content in milk help baby? - ANSWER - Excess amounts of
iron can feed the bad microbes in a baby's gut, leading to diarrhea
,2 of 26
How is colostrum different than mature milk? - ANSWER - Contains lower levels of carb
from lactose, higher protein and higher level of immune system factors
How is milk composition different with pre-term babies? - ANSWER - For first 5-7 weeks
milk is generally higher in protein, fat and every content. Milk volume is not any greater.
How many days is an infant expected to have meconium? - ANSWER - first 1-2 days of life
How many feeds per day is expected in early months? - ANSWER - 10-12 feeds/day
How many more kcals does a breastfeeding mother need daily? - ANSWER - Roughly 500
extra kcal/day
How much energy does fat provide from milk? - ANSWER - About 49%
How much more milk do mothers of twins typically produce? - ANSWER - about 1000 mL
per baby, 2000-2300 mL/day
How much weight is normal for a newborn to lose in the first few days? - ANSWER - No
more than 7% and no further wt. loss by day 5
How to help relieve engorgement? - ANSWER - Lukewarm water on breasts can help
myoepithelial cells to contract and let down milk
, 3 of 26
Ideal angle of baby mouth with good latch? - ANSWER - 140 degrees or greater
Ideal length of a nurse? - ANSWER - Will vary but anything longer than 20 minutes is a
concern and sign of a problem
Is baby fat intake affected by specific practices during a feed? - ANSWER - There is no
difference in net fat intake according to # of breasts suckled per feed or breastfeeding
frequency.
Levels of the WHO Feeding pyramid? - ANSWER - #1: baby at breast
#2: expressed milk
#3: donor milk
#4: cow formula
#5: soy formula
List examples of suboptimal breast anatomy for lactation: - ANSWER - Absence of breast
change in pregnancy and early post-partum
No pp breast fullness or signs of abundant milk production
Hypoplastic breasts (lack of milk producing tissue)
Discrepant breast size
Mastitis symptoms? - ANSWER - systemic flu like symptoms, reddened, hard and painful
breasts
