Test Bank for Psychology 8th Edition by Hockenbury Answer
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Key At the End
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,1. One of cc cc the four basic goals of psychology is to:
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a. listen to, counsel, and console people with problems.
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
b. apply the findings of animal research to abnormal behavior.
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
c. control people. cc
d. describe behavior and mental processes. cc cc cc cc
2. Wilhelm Wundt focused on:
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a. nature versus nurture issues and interactive dualism.
cc cc cc cc cc cc
b. how brain damage contributes to mental illness.
cc cc cc cc cc cc
c. fundamental psychological processes, such as mental reaction times in response to visual
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
d. the effects of mental illness on families.
cc cc cc cc cc cc
3. became the first major school of thought in psychology and relied on a method called intro
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
a. Functionalism
b. Psychoanalysis
c. Behaviorism
d. Structuralism
4. The first African American to earn a Ph.D. in psychology was:
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
a. Mary Whiton Calkins. cc cc
b. Francis C. Sumner. cc cc
c. Edward B. Titchener. cc cc
d. G. Stanley Hall. cc cc
5. dominated American psychology beginning in the early 1900s.
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
a. Behavior
ism cc
b. Psychoanalysis
c. Humanism
d. Structuralism
6. As one
cc cc of the advocates of
cc , developed a theory of motivation that emphasized psychol
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
a. functionalism; G. Stanley Hall cc cc cc
b. psychoanalysis; Sigmund Freud cc cc
c. humanistic psychology; Abraham Maslow cc cc cc
d. structuralism; Edward B. Titchener cc cc cc
7. Which of the following titles would most likely be found in a research journal for neuroscience?
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a. “Increased levels of the Hormone Testosterone Impact the Brain, Causing Increased Aggressi
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
Laboratory Rats”
cc cc
b. “The Effects of Compliments on Helping Behavior”
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c. “Decreases in Social Functioning Can Be Reversed Through Increased Social Activities in
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d. “Spacing Rehearsals During Learning Improves Long-Term Memory for Nonsense Syllabl
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8. The perspective emphasizes studying how behavior is acquired or modified by environmenta
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
a. psychodynamic
b. humanistic
c. behavioral
d. biological
,12. According to the “Science Versus Pseudoscience” box, which of the following items is NOT one
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc c
used by proponents of pseudoscience to give credibility to their claims?
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
a. shifting the burden of proof cc cc cc cc
b. use of irrefutable or nonfalsifiable claims cc cc cc cc cc
c. combining unfounded claims with established scientific findings cc cc cc cc cc cc
d. use of the scientific method and replication of their findings by other scientists
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
13. Professor Newberg decided to study preferences of senior adults, so he visited a local retirement v
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
residents to participate in a lengthy survey. Professor Newberg's survey results are probably inv
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
not use:
cc cc
a. a valid hypothesis. cc cc
b. an operational definition. cc cc
c. independent and dependent variables. cc cc cc
d. a representative sample of participants.
cc cc cc cc
14. Of the following correlation coefficients, which represents the weakest relationship between two f
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
A) –0.67
B) +0.53
C) +0.32
D) –0.12
15. Several correlational studies indicate that the more time students spend playing violent video game
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
their tendency to engage in delinquent behavior. Based on this result, you would be justified in
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
a. playing violent video games causes delinquent behavior. cc cc cc cc cc cc
b. there is a positive correlation between delinquent behavior and playing violent video gam
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c. there is a neT
gaetisvteB
coarnreklaftioorn P
bestywceheo
nlpolagyyin8gtvhioE
cc lednittvio
cc idneobgyam
cc Heos cakndendbeluinrqyuent behavior. c cc
d. the researchers were conducting pseudoscientific research.
cc cc cc cc cc
16. Correlational research: cc
a. can indicate causality in either a positive or a negative direction.
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
b. provides the most compelling evidence of a cause-and-effect relationship between two var
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
c. can reveal the degree to which two factors are related or co-vary in a systematic way.
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d. has been banned by the American Psychological Association since the 1960s, but it is stil
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
17. Researchers at the United Family Therapy Center are conducting a study to determine how quickl
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
anxiety are reduced by different forms of psychotherapy. What is the dependent variable in this
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
a. change in the symptoms of anxiety cc cc cc cc cc
b. the method used to recruit participants for the study
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
c. the type of psychotherapy used to treat anxiety
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
d. the number of participants receiving each type of psychotherapy
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
18. Which of the following is a procedure that ensures that all participants have an equal chance of b
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
of the experimental conditions?
cc cc cc cc
a. the double-blind technique cc cc
b. random assignment cc
c. the single-blind technique cc cc
d. random selection cc
19. In a study described in Chapter 1, psychologist Paul Solomon and his colleagues investigated the
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
ginkgo biloba on memory, concentration, and other mental tasks. All participants in the study to
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
at the beginningand end of the six-week study. The results showed that:
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
a.test scores increased about the same for the participants in the experimental group and for th
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
, 21. Psychologists are expected to abide by ethical principles regulating research with human participan
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
include all of the following EXCEPT:
cc cc cc cc cc cc
a. informed consent. cc
b.deception.
cc
c.confidentiality.
d.compulsory participation.
cc cc
22. According to the “Psych For Your Life: Successful Study Techniques” box in your
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
textbook: a.multitasking while studying greatly enhances retention of content.
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
b.taking notes on your laptop enhances retention of content, whereas taking notes by hand redu
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
retention. c.practice tests must be multiple choice or short answer in order to enhance retentio
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
material. d.distributed practice has a greater impact on retention and recall than massed practi
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
23. Which of the following statements about psychologists is true?
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
a. They focus exclusively on treating psychological disorders and problems.
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
b. They are interested in both normal and abnormal behaviors.
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
c. All psychologists can prescribe medication.
cc cc cc cc
d. All psychologists have a doctorate in their field of study.
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
24. William Wundt: cc
a.was Sigmund Freud and Erik Erikson's mentor.
cc cc cc cc cc cc
b.proposed a doctrine called “interactive dualism”—the idea that mind and body were separate
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
c.was the founder of physiology—a branch of biology that studies the functions and parts of l
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
d.defined psychology as the study of consciousness and emphasized the use of experimental m
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
it.
25. Edward Titchener is associated with which early approach or “school” of
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
psychology? a.behaviorism
cc cc
b.structuralism
c.functionalism
cc
d.psychoanalysi
cc
s
26. Mary Whiton Calkins:
cc cc
a.founded the first psychology laboratory in the United States at Yale University.
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
b. studied with Sigmund Freud and became the first female psychoanalyst in the United States.
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
c. is best known for her pioneering research on comparative psychology and her book The Anim
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
d. conducted research on personality, dreams, and memory, and was the first woman elected pre
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
American Psychological Association.
cc cc cc
27. Sigmund Freud's school of thought, called “
cc cc cc cc cc cc ,” emphasized the role of unconscious conflicts in
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
behavior and personality.
cc cc cc
a.structuralism
b.functionalism
cc
c.psychoanalysis
cc
d.behaviorism
cc
28. Which of the following individuals was NOT a key scientist in the development of behaviorism?
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
a. Sigmund Freud cc
b. Ivan Pavlov cc
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
Key At the End
cc cc cc cc
,1. One of cc cc the four basic goals of psychology is to:
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
a. listen to, counsel, and console people with problems.
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
b. apply the findings of animal research to abnormal behavior.
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
c. control people. cc
d. describe behavior and mental processes. cc cc cc cc
2. Wilhelm Wundt focused on:
cc cc cc
a. nature versus nurture issues and interactive dualism.
cc cc cc cc cc cc
b. how brain damage contributes to mental illness.
cc cc cc cc cc cc
c. fundamental psychological processes, such as mental reaction times in response to visual
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
d. the effects of mental illness on families.
cc cc cc cc cc cc
3. became the first major school of thought in psychology and relied on a method called intro
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
a. Functionalism
b. Psychoanalysis
c. Behaviorism
d. Structuralism
4. The first African American to earn a Ph.D. in psychology was:
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
a. Mary Whiton Calkins. cc cc
b. Francis C. Sumner. cc cc
c. Edward B. Titchener. cc cc
d. G. Stanley Hall. cc cc
5. dominated American psychology beginning in the early 1900s.
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
a. Behavior
ism cc
b. Psychoanalysis
c. Humanism
d. Structuralism
6. As one
cc cc of the advocates of
cc , developed a theory of motivation that emphasized psychol
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
a. functionalism; G. Stanley Hall cc cc cc
b. psychoanalysis; Sigmund Freud cc cc
c. humanistic psychology; Abraham Maslow cc cc cc
d. structuralism; Edward B. Titchener cc cc cc
7. Which of the following titles would most likely be found in a research journal for neuroscience?
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
a. “Increased levels of the Hormone Testosterone Impact the Brain, Causing Increased Aggressi
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
Laboratory Rats”
cc cc
b. “The Effects of Compliments on Helping Behavior”
cc cc cc cc cc cc
c. “Decreases in Social Functioning Can Be Reversed Through Increased Social Activities in
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
d. “Spacing Rehearsals During Learning Improves Long-Term Memory for Nonsense Syllabl
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
8. The perspective emphasizes studying how behavior is acquired or modified by environmenta
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
a. psychodynamic
b. humanistic
c. behavioral
d. biological
,12. According to the “Science Versus Pseudoscience” box, which of the following items is NOT one
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc c
used by proponents of pseudoscience to give credibility to their claims?
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
a. shifting the burden of proof cc cc cc cc
b. use of irrefutable or nonfalsifiable claims cc cc cc cc cc
c. combining unfounded claims with established scientific findings cc cc cc cc cc cc
d. use of the scientific method and replication of their findings by other scientists
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
13. Professor Newberg decided to study preferences of senior adults, so he visited a local retirement v
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
residents to participate in a lengthy survey. Professor Newberg's survey results are probably inv
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
not use:
cc cc
a. a valid hypothesis. cc cc
b. an operational definition. cc cc
c. independent and dependent variables. cc cc cc
d. a representative sample of participants.
cc cc cc cc
14. Of the following correlation coefficients, which represents the weakest relationship between two f
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
A) –0.67
B) +0.53
C) +0.32
D) –0.12
15. Several correlational studies indicate that the more time students spend playing violent video game
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
their tendency to engage in delinquent behavior. Based on this result, you would be justified in
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
a. playing violent video games causes delinquent behavior. cc cc cc cc cc cc
b. there is a positive correlation between delinquent behavior and playing violent video gam
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
c. there is a neT
gaetisvteB
coarnreklaftioorn P
bestywceheo
nlpolagyyin8gtvhioE
cc lednittvio
cc idneobgyam
cc Heos cakndendbeluinrqyuent behavior. c cc
d. the researchers were conducting pseudoscientific research.
cc cc cc cc cc
16. Correlational research: cc
a. can indicate causality in either a positive or a negative direction.
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
b. provides the most compelling evidence of a cause-and-effect relationship between two var
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
c. can reveal the degree to which two factors are related or co-vary in a systematic way.
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
d. has been banned by the American Psychological Association since the 1960s, but it is stil
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
17. Researchers at the United Family Therapy Center are conducting a study to determine how quickl
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
anxiety are reduced by different forms of psychotherapy. What is the dependent variable in this
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
a. change in the symptoms of anxiety cc cc cc cc cc
b. the method used to recruit participants for the study
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
c. the type of psychotherapy used to treat anxiety
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
d. the number of participants receiving each type of psychotherapy
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
18. Which of the following is a procedure that ensures that all participants have an equal chance of b
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
of the experimental conditions?
cc cc cc cc
a. the double-blind technique cc cc
b. random assignment cc
c. the single-blind technique cc cc
d. random selection cc
19. In a study described in Chapter 1, psychologist Paul Solomon and his colleagues investigated the
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
ginkgo biloba on memory, concentration, and other mental tasks. All participants in the study to
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
at the beginningand end of the six-week study. The results showed that:
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
a.test scores increased about the same for the participants in the experimental group and for th
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
, 21. Psychologists are expected to abide by ethical principles regulating research with human participan
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
include all of the following EXCEPT:
cc cc cc cc cc cc
a. informed consent. cc
b.deception.
cc
c.confidentiality.
d.compulsory participation.
cc cc
22. According to the “Psych For Your Life: Successful Study Techniques” box in your
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
textbook: a.multitasking while studying greatly enhances retention of content.
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
b.taking notes on your laptop enhances retention of content, whereas taking notes by hand redu
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
retention. c.practice tests must be multiple choice or short answer in order to enhance retentio
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
material. d.distributed practice has a greater impact on retention and recall than massed practi
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
23. Which of the following statements about psychologists is true?
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
a. They focus exclusively on treating psychological disorders and problems.
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
b. They are interested in both normal and abnormal behaviors.
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
c. All psychologists can prescribe medication.
cc cc cc cc
d. All psychologists have a doctorate in their field of study.
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
24. William Wundt: cc
a.was Sigmund Freud and Erik Erikson's mentor.
cc cc cc cc cc cc
b.proposed a doctrine called “interactive dualism”—the idea that mind and body were separate
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
c.was the founder of physiology—a branch of biology that studies the functions and parts of l
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
d.defined psychology as the study of consciousness and emphasized the use of experimental m
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
it.
25. Edward Titchener is associated with which early approach or “school” of
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
psychology? a.behaviorism
cc cc
b.structuralism
c.functionalism
cc
d.psychoanalysi
cc
s
26. Mary Whiton Calkins:
cc cc
a.founded the first psychology laboratory in the United States at Yale University.
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
b. studied with Sigmund Freud and became the first female psychoanalyst in the United States.
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
c. is best known for her pioneering research on comparative psychology and her book The Anim
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
d. conducted research on personality, dreams, and memory, and was the first woman elected pre
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
American Psychological Association.
cc cc cc
27. Sigmund Freud's school of thought, called “
cc cc cc cc cc cc ,” emphasized the role of unconscious conflicts in
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
behavior and personality.
cc cc cc
a.structuralism
b.functionalism
cc
c.psychoanalysis
cc
d.behaviorism
cc
28. Which of the following individuals was NOT a key scientist in the development of behaviorism?
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
a. Sigmund Freud cc
b. Ivan Pavlov cc
