NBME CBSE REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS LATEST 2025/2026 COMPLETE EXAM
1)MEDICAL EXAMINATION
What is a case series?..ANSWER..Description of clinical
findings/symptoms for several patients with the same diagnosis,
treatment, or outcome.
What is a cross-sectional study?..ANSWER..Assesses the frequency of
disease and risk-related factors in the present.
What is a case-control study?..ANSWER..Retrospectively compares a
group of people with a disease to a group without the disease to
determine if odds of prior exposure/risk factor differ.
What is a cohort study?..ANSWER..Compares a group of people with a
given exposure/risk factor to a group without exposure to determine
if the exposure/risk factor is associated with later development of
disease.
What is a twin concordance study?..ANSWER..Compares the frequency
with which both monozygotic twins vs both dizygotic twins develop
the same disease to measure heritability and influence of
environmental factors.
,What is an adoption study?..ANSWER..Compares behavioral
traits/genetics in siblings raised by biological vs adoptive parents to
measure heritability and influence of environmental factors.
What is an ecological study?..ANSWER..Compares the frequency of
disease and risk-related factors across populations to measure
population data (not applicable to individuals).
What is a clinic therapeutic trial?..ANSWER..An experimental study
involving humans that compares the benefits of two or more
interventions.
What are the criteria for a high-quality clinical
trial?..ANSWER..Randomized, controlled, and double-blinded
What is a crossover clinical trial?..ANSWER..Compares the effect of
multiple treatments on a subject
What is the purpose of randomizing the order of treatments in a
crossover trial?..ANSWER..To avoid bias
What is a washout period in a crossover trial?..ANSWER..A period
between treatments to eliminate any lingering effects
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, What is the advantage of using a crossover trial?..ANSWER..Subjects
serve as their own controls
What is the intention-to-treat analysis?..ANSWER..Analyzing all
subjects according to their original assigned treatment
What is the purpose of intention-to-treat analysis?..ANSWER..To avoid
bias from attrition, crossover, and noncompliance
What is the disadvantage of intention-to-treat analysis?..ANSWER..May
dilute the true effects of the intervention
What is the as-treated analysis?..ANSWER..Analyzing subjects
according to the treatment they actually received
What is the disadvantage of as-treated analysis?..ANSWER..Increases
the risk of bias
What is the per-protocol analysis?..ANSWER..Excluding subjects who
did not complete the originally assigned treatment
What is the disadvantage of per-protocol analysis?..ANSWER..Increases
the risk of bias
3|Page
ANSWERS LATEST 2025/2026 COMPLETE EXAM
1)MEDICAL EXAMINATION
What is a case series?..ANSWER..Description of clinical
findings/symptoms for several patients with the same diagnosis,
treatment, or outcome.
What is a cross-sectional study?..ANSWER..Assesses the frequency of
disease and risk-related factors in the present.
What is a case-control study?..ANSWER..Retrospectively compares a
group of people with a disease to a group without the disease to
determine if odds of prior exposure/risk factor differ.
What is a cohort study?..ANSWER..Compares a group of people with a
given exposure/risk factor to a group without exposure to determine
if the exposure/risk factor is associated with later development of
disease.
What is a twin concordance study?..ANSWER..Compares the frequency
with which both monozygotic twins vs both dizygotic twins develop
the same disease to measure heritability and influence of
environmental factors.
,What is an adoption study?..ANSWER..Compares behavioral
traits/genetics in siblings raised by biological vs adoptive parents to
measure heritability and influence of environmental factors.
What is an ecological study?..ANSWER..Compares the frequency of
disease and risk-related factors across populations to measure
population data (not applicable to individuals).
What is a clinic therapeutic trial?..ANSWER..An experimental study
involving humans that compares the benefits of two or more
interventions.
What are the criteria for a high-quality clinical
trial?..ANSWER..Randomized, controlled, and double-blinded
What is a crossover clinical trial?..ANSWER..Compares the effect of
multiple treatments on a subject
What is the purpose of randomizing the order of treatments in a
crossover trial?..ANSWER..To avoid bias
What is a washout period in a crossover trial?..ANSWER..A period
between treatments to eliminate any lingering effects
2|Page
, What is the advantage of using a crossover trial?..ANSWER..Subjects
serve as their own controls
What is the intention-to-treat analysis?..ANSWER..Analyzing all
subjects according to their original assigned treatment
What is the purpose of intention-to-treat analysis?..ANSWER..To avoid
bias from attrition, crossover, and noncompliance
What is the disadvantage of intention-to-treat analysis?..ANSWER..May
dilute the true effects of the intervention
What is the as-treated analysis?..ANSWER..Analyzing subjects
according to the treatment they actually received
What is the disadvantage of as-treated analysis?..ANSWER..Increases
the risk of bias
What is the per-protocol analysis?..ANSWER..Excluding subjects who
did not complete the originally assigned treatment
What is the disadvantage of per-protocol analysis?..ANSWER..Increases
the risk of bias
3|Page
