Understanding Pathophysiology, 8th Edition – Sue E. Huether, Kathryn L. McCance & Valentina L. Brashers – Full Test Bank for Chapters 1–44

,1. Cellular Biology
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2. Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology
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3. The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases
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4. Genes and Genetic Diseases
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5. Epigenetics and Disease
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6. Genes, Environment–Lifestyle, and Common Diseases
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7. Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing
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8. Adaptive Immunity
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9. Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation
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10. Infection
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11. Stress and Disease
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12. Biology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment of Cancer
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13. Alterations in Oxygen Transport
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14. Alterations in Hemostasis and Coagulation
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15. Alterations in White Blood Cell Function
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16. Alterations in Cardiovascular Function
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17. Shock, Sepsis, and Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
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18. Alterations of Pulmonary Function
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19. Alterations of Hormonal Regulation
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20. Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children
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21. Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children
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22. Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children
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23. Structure and Function of the Neurologic System
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24. Pain, Temperature, Sleep, and Sensory Function
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25. Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function
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26. Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and Neuromuscular Junction
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27. Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children
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28. Structure and Function of the Endocrine System
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29. Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation
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30. Alterations of Endocrine Function
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31. Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function
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32. Alterations of Digestive Function
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33. Alterations of Liver and Biliary Function
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34. Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function
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35. Alterations of Reproductive Function
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, Chapter 1. Cellular Biology qk qk qk




MULTIPLE CHOICE qk




1. A student is observing a cell under the microscope. It is observed to have supercoi
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led DNA with histones. Which of the following would also be observed by the student?
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a. A single circular chromosome
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b. A nucleus qk




c. Free-floating nuclear material qk qk




d. No organelles qk




ANS: B qk




The cell described is a eukaryotic cell, so it has histones and a supercoiled DNA within its n
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ucleus; thus, the nucleus should be observed. A single circular chromosome is characteristic of
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kprokaryotic cells, which do not have histones. Free-
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floating nuclear material describes a prokaryotic cell, which would not have a distinct nucleu
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s. Eukaryotic cells have membrane-
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bound cellular components called organelles. No organelles describe a prokaryotic cell.
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2. A nurse is instructing the staff about cellular functions. Which cellular function
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is the nurse describing when an isolated cell absorbs oxygen and uses it to transfor
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m
nutrients to energy? qk qk




a. Metabolic absorption qk




b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration

ANS: D qk




The ability of the cell to absorb oxygen refers to the cells function of respiration. The ability
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of the cell to function within a society of cells refers to its function of communication. The
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ability of the cell to take in nutrients refers to the cells function of metabolic absorption.The
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ability of the cell to synthesize new substances and secrete these elsewhere refers to the cel
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ls function of secretion.
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3

, 3. A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell wo
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uld most of the genetic information be contained?
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a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Nucleus

ANS: C qk




The region of the cell that contains genetic material, including a large amount of ribonucleic
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acid, most of the DNA, and DNA-
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binding proteins, is the nucleolus. The mitochondria is the site of cellular respiration. The ribo
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somes are involved in the manufacturing of proteins within the cell. The nucleus contains the
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nucleolus, and it is the nucleolus that contains genetic material.
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4. The fluid- qk


mosaic model for biologic membranes describes membrane behavior. According to t
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his model, which of the following float singly or as aggregates in the fluid lipid bilay
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er?

a. Peripheral membrane proteins qk qk




b. Integral membrane proteins qk qk




c. Glycoproteins
d. Cell adhesion molecules
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ANS: B qk




Integral membrane proteins float freely in the fluid lipid bilayer. Peripheral membrane proteins
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are not embedded in the layer, but reside at the surface. Glycoproteins act as cell surface ma
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rkers. Cell adhesion molecules are on the outside of the membrane and allow cells to hook to
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gether.




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