LR /
BSN
/ /
206
/ /
Hallmark Final Exam Questions With Correct
/ // // // // //
Answers
//
Asepsis
absence //of //significant //contamination
Health //care-associated //infections //(HAIs)
-an //infection //acquired //while //the //client //is //receiving //care //in //a //health-care //setting
-formally //called //nosocomial //infections
-can //come //from //exogenous //source //or //endogenous //source
-most //common //setting //for //HAIs //is //the //ICU
-best //way //to //prevent //HAIs //is //through //frequent //and //effective //hand //hygiene
-most //common //site //of //HAIs //is //the //urinary //tract
-
most /
/common //causative //agents //are //Escherichia //coli, //Staphylococcus //aureus, //and //enterococci
-an //iatrogenic //infection //results //from //a //diagnostic //or //therapeutic //procedure
-HAIs //are //not //always //preventable //and //not //always //iatrogenic
chain //of //infection
infectious //agent
reservoir
portal //of //exit
mode //of //transmission
portal //of //entry
susceptible //host
What //are //the //two //types //of //aseptic //techniques //nurses //practice?
medical //and //surgical //asepsis
,What //is //medical //asepsis/clean //technique?
procedures //used //to //reduce //the //number //and //prevent //the //spread //of //microorganisms.
Examples: /
/Hand /
/hygiene, /
/use /
/of //barrier //techniques //such //as //gloving //and //gowning, //and //routine //environmental //cleaning
principals //of //surgical //aseptic //technique
remains //sterile //only //when //touched //by //a //sterile //object
only //sterile //object //can //be //placed //in //a //sterile //field
out //of //vision //or //below //waist //is //now //contaminated
prolonged //exposure //= //contamination
edges //to //1 //inch //are //considered //contaminated
LABORATORY //VALUES:
WBC
5,000 //to //10,000 //per //mm^3
**Increases //during //acute //infection**
**Decreases //in //certain //viral //and //overwhelming //infections**
LABORATORY //VALUES:
Erythrocyte //Sedimentation //Rate //(ESR)
Men: //Up //to //15 //mm //per //hour
Women: //up //to //20 //mm //per //hour
**Elevated //during //presence //of //inflammatory //process**
LABORATORY //VALUES:
Iron //Level
60 //to //90 //G //per //100 //mL
**Decreases //in //chronic //infection**
LABORATORY //VALUES:
,Cultures //of //Urine //and //Blood
Normally //sterile //without //microorganisms //growth
**Indicates //prescence //of //infectious //microorganism //growth**
LABORATORY //VALUES:
Cultures //and //Gram //Stain //of //Wound, //Sputum, //and //Throat
WBC //present //on //Gram //Stain; //possible //normal //flora
**Indicates //presence //of //infectious //microorganisms //growth //and //WBC's //on //Gram //stain**
LABORATORY //VALUES: //Differental //Count //(% //of //each //type //of //WBC)
Neutrophils
55% //to //70%
**Increases //during //acute //suppurative //infections**
**Decreases //in //overwhelming //infections //in //older //adults**
LABORATORY //VALUES: //Differental //Count //(% //of //each //type //of //WBC)
Lymphocytes
20% //to //40%
**Increases //during //chronic //bacterial //and //viral //infections**
LABORATORY //VALUES: //Differental //Count //(% //of //each //type //of //WBC)
Monocytes
2% //to //8%
**Increases //during //protozoal, //rickettsial, //and //turberculosis //infections**
LABORATORY //VALUES: //Differental //Count //(% //of //each //type //of //WBC)
Eosinophils
1% //to //4%
**Increases //during //parasitic //infections**
, LABORATORY //VALUES: //Differental //Count //(% //of //each //type //of //WBC)
Basophils
0.5% //to //1%
**Normal //during //infection**
standard //precautions //(tier //1)
CDC /
/precautions /
/used /
/in /
/the /
/care /
/of /
/all /
/patients /
/regardless /
/of /
/their /
/diagnosis /
/or /
/possible /
/infection //status; //this //category //combines //universal //and //body //substance //precautions
MRSA //(methicillin-resistant //Staphylococcus //aureus)
an //infection //caused //by //specific //bacteria //that //has //become //resistant //to //many //antibiotics
**Colonization //or //infection //with //multidrug-
resistant /
/organisms /
/such /
/as /
/MRSA /
/in /
/the /
/sputum /
/requires /
BSN
/ /
206
/ /
Hallmark Final Exam Questions With Correct
/ // // // // //
Answers
//
Asepsis
absence //of //significant //contamination
Health //care-associated //infections //(HAIs)
-an //infection //acquired //while //the //client //is //receiving //care //in //a //health-care //setting
-formally //called //nosocomial //infections
-can //come //from //exogenous //source //or //endogenous //source
-most //common //setting //for //HAIs //is //the //ICU
-best //way //to //prevent //HAIs //is //through //frequent //and //effective //hand //hygiene
-most //common //site //of //HAIs //is //the //urinary //tract
-
most /
/common //causative //agents //are //Escherichia //coli, //Staphylococcus //aureus, //and //enterococci
-an //iatrogenic //infection //results //from //a //diagnostic //or //therapeutic //procedure
-HAIs //are //not //always //preventable //and //not //always //iatrogenic
chain //of //infection
infectious //agent
reservoir
portal //of //exit
mode //of //transmission
portal //of //entry
susceptible //host
What //are //the //two //types //of //aseptic //techniques //nurses //practice?
medical //and //surgical //asepsis
,What //is //medical //asepsis/clean //technique?
procedures //used //to //reduce //the //number //and //prevent //the //spread //of //microorganisms.
Examples: /
/Hand /
/hygiene, /
/use /
/of //barrier //techniques //such //as //gloving //and //gowning, //and //routine //environmental //cleaning
principals //of //surgical //aseptic //technique
remains //sterile //only //when //touched //by //a //sterile //object
only //sterile //object //can //be //placed //in //a //sterile //field
out //of //vision //or //below //waist //is //now //contaminated
prolonged //exposure //= //contamination
edges //to //1 //inch //are //considered //contaminated
LABORATORY //VALUES:
WBC
5,000 //to //10,000 //per //mm^3
**Increases //during //acute //infection**
**Decreases //in //certain //viral //and //overwhelming //infections**
LABORATORY //VALUES:
Erythrocyte //Sedimentation //Rate //(ESR)
Men: //Up //to //15 //mm //per //hour
Women: //up //to //20 //mm //per //hour
**Elevated //during //presence //of //inflammatory //process**
LABORATORY //VALUES:
Iron //Level
60 //to //90 //G //per //100 //mL
**Decreases //in //chronic //infection**
LABORATORY //VALUES:
,Cultures //of //Urine //and //Blood
Normally //sterile //without //microorganisms //growth
**Indicates //prescence //of //infectious //microorganism //growth**
LABORATORY //VALUES:
Cultures //and //Gram //Stain //of //Wound, //Sputum, //and //Throat
WBC //present //on //Gram //Stain; //possible //normal //flora
**Indicates //presence //of //infectious //microorganisms //growth //and //WBC's //on //Gram //stain**
LABORATORY //VALUES: //Differental //Count //(% //of //each //type //of //WBC)
Neutrophils
55% //to //70%
**Increases //during //acute //suppurative //infections**
**Decreases //in //overwhelming //infections //in //older //adults**
LABORATORY //VALUES: //Differental //Count //(% //of //each //type //of //WBC)
Lymphocytes
20% //to //40%
**Increases //during //chronic //bacterial //and //viral //infections**
LABORATORY //VALUES: //Differental //Count //(% //of //each //type //of //WBC)
Monocytes
2% //to //8%
**Increases //during //protozoal, //rickettsial, //and //turberculosis //infections**
LABORATORY //VALUES: //Differental //Count //(% //of //each //type //of //WBC)
Eosinophils
1% //to //4%
**Increases //during //parasitic //infections**
, LABORATORY //VALUES: //Differental //Count //(% //of //each //type //of //WBC)
Basophils
0.5% //to //1%
**Normal //during //infection**
standard //precautions //(tier //1)
CDC /
/precautions /
/used /
/in /
/the /
/care /
/of /
/all /
/patients /
/regardless /
/of /
/their /
/diagnosis /
/or /
/possible /
/infection //status; //this //category //combines //universal //and //body //substance //precautions
MRSA //(methicillin-resistant //Staphylococcus //aureus)
an //infection //caused //by //specific //bacteria //that //has //become //resistant //to //many //antibiotics
**Colonization //or //infection //with //multidrug-
resistant /
/organisms /
/such /
/as /
/MRSA /
/in /
/the /
/sputum /
/requires /
