Anatomy Of Local Anesthesia
Exam A+ Pass 100% Solved
Questions And All Correct Answers
2025-2026 New Update VERIFIED
The inferior alveolar nerve runs through the infratemporal fossa and then
enters the _____________ to begin a _____________ course.
Mandibular foramen, interosseous.
Where is the target for the inferior alveolar nerve block?
Just above the mandibular foramen.
Where is the mandibular foramen located?
Slightly above or below occlusal surfaces of mandibular molars in adults.
**Slightly lower in children at around occlusal plane.
What are the 2 terminal branches of the inferior alveolar nerve?
Mental nerve and incisive nerve.
Both the ___________ and ___________ nerves are anesthetized when the
inferior alveolar nerve is anesthetized.
Mental and incisive nerves.
The incisive nerve begins as a continuation of the inferior alveolar nerve at the
____________ and courses ______________.
Mental foramen, anteriorly.
What innervation is supplied by the incisive nerve?
Sensory to pulps of mandibular teeth anterior to mental foramen.
What innervation is supplied by the mental nerve?
Sensory to buccal gingiva and mucous membrane anterior to mental foramen and
skin over chin and lower lip.
When is the mental foramen located?
, - In 52.8% of people located at apex of 2nd PM.
- In 32% of people located between PMs.
- In 13.9% of people located posterior to 2nd PM.
**know these numbers!!
What complications might the sphenomandibular ligament causes in regard to
anesthesia?
It is fascia that may prevent spread of local anesthesia to inferior alveolar nerve
(nerve is underneath the fascia).
What structures may be at risk of being nicked during an inferior alveolar
nerve block?
- Maxillary artery (branch of ECA, could loop inferiorly).
- Inferior alveolar artery (branch of maxillary artery).
- Pterygoid plexus of veins (tributaries of maxillary vein collection).
What structures may be at risk of being nicked during a PSA nerve block?
PSA artery or vein in pterygoid plexus
If the PSA artery is nicked, it may result in a _____________ that is visible
extra-orally.
Hematoma.
**Hematoma formation is most common in PSA block.
The ____________ is an important landmark for the inferior alveolar nerve
block.
Pterygomandibular raphe.
**Needle tip placed laterally to this.
The trigeminal nerve arises from the _____________.
Pons.
What happens to the trigeminal nerve as it leaves the pons?
Flattens and widens to become trigeminal/semilunar ganglion.
What are the 3 divisions of the trigeminal nerve?
V1 = ophthalmic nerve
V2 = maxillary nerve
V3 = mandibular nerve
Exam A+ Pass 100% Solved
Questions And All Correct Answers
2025-2026 New Update VERIFIED
The inferior alveolar nerve runs through the infratemporal fossa and then
enters the _____________ to begin a _____________ course.
Mandibular foramen, interosseous.
Where is the target for the inferior alveolar nerve block?
Just above the mandibular foramen.
Where is the mandibular foramen located?
Slightly above or below occlusal surfaces of mandibular molars in adults.
**Slightly lower in children at around occlusal plane.
What are the 2 terminal branches of the inferior alveolar nerve?
Mental nerve and incisive nerve.
Both the ___________ and ___________ nerves are anesthetized when the
inferior alveolar nerve is anesthetized.
Mental and incisive nerves.
The incisive nerve begins as a continuation of the inferior alveolar nerve at the
____________ and courses ______________.
Mental foramen, anteriorly.
What innervation is supplied by the incisive nerve?
Sensory to pulps of mandibular teeth anterior to mental foramen.
What innervation is supplied by the mental nerve?
Sensory to buccal gingiva and mucous membrane anterior to mental foramen and
skin over chin and lower lip.
When is the mental foramen located?
, - In 52.8% of people located at apex of 2nd PM.
- In 32% of people located between PMs.
- In 13.9% of people located posterior to 2nd PM.
**know these numbers!!
What complications might the sphenomandibular ligament causes in regard to
anesthesia?
It is fascia that may prevent spread of local anesthesia to inferior alveolar nerve
(nerve is underneath the fascia).
What structures may be at risk of being nicked during an inferior alveolar
nerve block?
- Maxillary artery (branch of ECA, could loop inferiorly).
- Inferior alveolar artery (branch of maxillary artery).
- Pterygoid plexus of veins (tributaries of maxillary vein collection).
What structures may be at risk of being nicked during a PSA nerve block?
PSA artery or vein in pterygoid plexus
If the PSA artery is nicked, it may result in a _____________ that is visible
extra-orally.
Hematoma.
**Hematoma formation is most common in PSA block.
The ____________ is an important landmark for the inferior alveolar nerve
block.
Pterygomandibular raphe.
**Needle tip placed laterally to this.
The trigeminal nerve arises from the _____________.
Pons.
What happens to the trigeminal nerve as it leaves the pons?
Flattens and widens to become trigeminal/semilunar ganglion.
What are the 3 divisions of the trigeminal nerve?
V1 = ophthalmic nerve
V2 = maxillary nerve
V3 = mandibular nerve
