NUR 209 Exam 1 Study Guide: Medical-Surgical Nursing
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_h250kf
1. Cancer: Group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled and unregulated growth of cells.
2. TNM classification: A system for classifying the extent of cancer spread: T = primary tumor, N = regional
lymph nodes, M = distant metastasis.
3. T0: No evidence of primary tumor.
4. Tis: Carcinoma in situ.
5. T1-4: Ascending degrees of increase in tumor size and involvement.
6. Tx: Tumor cannot be measured or found.
7. N0: No evidence of disease in lymph nodes.
8. N1-4: Ascending degrees of nodal involvement.
9. Nx: Regional lymph nodes unable to be assessed clinically.
10. M0: No evidence of distant metastasis.
11. M1-4: Ascending degrees of metastatic involvement, including distant nodes.
12. Mx: Cannot be determined.
13. Risk factors for cancer: Age, sex, race & ethnicity, gene mutations, family history, radiation expo-
sure/chemical exposure.
14. Modifiable Risks: Tobacco, alcohol, obesity, workplace chemical exposure, oral contraceptive use, GERD,
HTN, overuse of some medications.
15. Warning signs of Cancer: C - change in bowel or bladder habits, A - any sore that does not heal, U -
unusual bleeding or discharge, T - thickening or lump in breast or elsewhere, I - indigestion, O - obvious change in
wart or mole, N - nagging cough or hoarseness.
16. Chemotherapy effects on bone marrow production: Suppresses production secondary
to chemotherapy being unable to differentiate between healthy cells and cancer cells: myelosuppression (infection,
bleeding, anemia).
17. Thrombocytopenia: Decreased platelet count that can result in spontaneous bleeding; should avoid
invasive procedures.
18. Side effects of chemotherapy: Acute toxicity, delayed effects, chronic effects, and miscellaneous
effects including fatigue, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia, anorexia.
19. Acute toxicity: Includes anaphylactic and hypersensitivity reactions, extravasation, flare reaction, anticipatory
nausea & vomiting, dysrhythmias.
20. Delayed effects: Delayed nausea/vomiting, mucositis, alopecia, skin rashes, bone marrow suppression,
altered bowel function (diarrhea/constipation), cumulative neurotoxicity.
21. Chronic effects: Involve damage to organs including heart, liver, kidneys, & lungs.
1/9
, NUR 209 Exam 1 Study Guide: Medical-Surgical Nursing
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_h250kf
22. ECG: A test that measures the electrical activity of the heart.
23. Ejection fraction: A measurement of the percentage of blood leaving the heart each time it contracts.
24. Fatigue: A common side effect that can interfere with daily activities.
25. Moderate exercise: Physical activity that is tolerable and beneficial for health.
26. Food diary: A record to track daily calories and fluid intake.
27. Constipation management: Includes high fiber foods, stool softeners, increased fluid intake, and
increased activity.
28. Diarrhea management: Involves using antidiarrheals, a low fiber diet, and ensuring fluid intake of at
least 3L/day.
29. PPX antiemetics: Medications given before chemotherapy and as needed to prevent nausea.
30. Diversional activities: Activities used to distract patients from symptoms.
31. Artificial saliva: A product used to alleviate dry mouth as needed.
32. Physiologic responses to pain: Includes an increase in heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood
pressure, though not reliable in cancer patients.
33. Breakthrough medications: Medications used for patients experiencing persistent pain despite reg-
ular scheduled pain medications.
34. Adjuncts for pain management: Includes NSAIDs, antidepressants, and anticonvulsants to treat
neuropathic pain.
35. Cancer-related fatigue: A persistent sense of tiredness that interferes with daily functioning, often
secondary to various factors.
36. Reversible causes of fatigue: Includes anemia, hypothyroidism, depression, anxiety, insomnia, de-
hydration, and infection.
37. Fluid loss intervention: Strategies to manage and mitigate fluid loss in patients.
38. Encouragement of small frequent meals: High protein, high calorie meals that should be gently
encouraged without nagging.
39. Pleasant eating environment: An atmosphere that enhances the dining experience for patients.
40. Monitoring kidney function: Regular assessment of kidney health in patients.
41. Monitoring weight: Tracking a patient's weight to assess health status.
42. Encouragement of rest: Advising patients to rest when fatigued while maintaining usual lifestyle
patterns.
43. Oral rehydration: Used in mild fluid loss.
2/9
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_h250kf
1. Cancer: Group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled and unregulated growth of cells.
2. TNM classification: A system for classifying the extent of cancer spread: T = primary tumor, N = regional
lymph nodes, M = distant metastasis.
3. T0: No evidence of primary tumor.
4. Tis: Carcinoma in situ.
5. T1-4: Ascending degrees of increase in tumor size and involvement.
6. Tx: Tumor cannot be measured or found.
7. N0: No evidence of disease in lymph nodes.
8. N1-4: Ascending degrees of nodal involvement.
9. Nx: Regional lymph nodes unable to be assessed clinically.
10. M0: No evidence of distant metastasis.
11. M1-4: Ascending degrees of metastatic involvement, including distant nodes.
12. Mx: Cannot be determined.
13. Risk factors for cancer: Age, sex, race & ethnicity, gene mutations, family history, radiation expo-
sure/chemical exposure.
14. Modifiable Risks: Tobacco, alcohol, obesity, workplace chemical exposure, oral contraceptive use, GERD,
HTN, overuse of some medications.
15. Warning signs of Cancer: C - change in bowel or bladder habits, A - any sore that does not heal, U -
unusual bleeding or discharge, T - thickening or lump in breast or elsewhere, I - indigestion, O - obvious change in
wart or mole, N - nagging cough or hoarseness.
16. Chemotherapy effects on bone marrow production: Suppresses production secondary
to chemotherapy being unable to differentiate between healthy cells and cancer cells: myelosuppression (infection,
bleeding, anemia).
17. Thrombocytopenia: Decreased platelet count that can result in spontaneous bleeding; should avoid
invasive procedures.
18. Side effects of chemotherapy: Acute toxicity, delayed effects, chronic effects, and miscellaneous
effects including fatigue, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia, anorexia.
19. Acute toxicity: Includes anaphylactic and hypersensitivity reactions, extravasation, flare reaction, anticipatory
nausea & vomiting, dysrhythmias.
20. Delayed effects: Delayed nausea/vomiting, mucositis, alopecia, skin rashes, bone marrow suppression,
altered bowel function (diarrhea/constipation), cumulative neurotoxicity.
21. Chronic effects: Involve damage to organs including heart, liver, kidneys, & lungs.
1/9
, NUR 209 Exam 1 Study Guide: Medical-Surgical Nursing
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_h250kf
22. ECG: A test that measures the electrical activity of the heart.
23. Ejection fraction: A measurement of the percentage of blood leaving the heart each time it contracts.
24. Fatigue: A common side effect that can interfere with daily activities.
25. Moderate exercise: Physical activity that is tolerable and beneficial for health.
26. Food diary: A record to track daily calories and fluid intake.
27. Constipation management: Includes high fiber foods, stool softeners, increased fluid intake, and
increased activity.
28. Diarrhea management: Involves using antidiarrheals, a low fiber diet, and ensuring fluid intake of at
least 3L/day.
29. PPX antiemetics: Medications given before chemotherapy and as needed to prevent nausea.
30. Diversional activities: Activities used to distract patients from symptoms.
31. Artificial saliva: A product used to alleviate dry mouth as needed.
32. Physiologic responses to pain: Includes an increase in heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood
pressure, though not reliable in cancer patients.
33. Breakthrough medications: Medications used for patients experiencing persistent pain despite reg-
ular scheduled pain medications.
34. Adjuncts for pain management: Includes NSAIDs, antidepressants, and anticonvulsants to treat
neuropathic pain.
35. Cancer-related fatigue: A persistent sense of tiredness that interferes with daily functioning, often
secondary to various factors.
36. Reversible causes of fatigue: Includes anemia, hypothyroidism, depression, anxiety, insomnia, de-
hydration, and infection.
37. Fluid loss intervention: Strategies to manage and mitigate fluid loss in patients.
38. Encouragement of small frequent meals: High protein, high calorie meals that should be gently
encouraged without nagging.
39. Pleasant eating environment: An atmosphere that enhances the dining experience for patients.
40. Monitoring kidney function: Regular assessment of kidney health in patients.
41. Monitoring weight: Tracking a patient's weight to assess health status.
42. Encouragement of rest: Advising patients to rest when fatigued while maintaining usual lifestyle
patterns.
43. Oral rehydration: Used in mild fluid loss.
2/9
