Prehospital Care- Chapter 7 Anatomy eActual Exam (2025) comprehensive questions
and verified answers ( detailed & elaborated) 2025-2026 TEST
What are the main components of the Central Nervous System?
The brain (cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem) and spinal cord, protected by meninges
and cerebrospinal fluid.
What are the functions of the somatic and autonomic nervous systems?
Somatic (voluntary) nervous system influences skeletal muscle activity; autonomic
(involuntary) nervous system influences smooth muscle and gland activity.
What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system?
Sympathetic (activates fight or flight response) and parasympathetic (promotes rest
and digest functions).
What is the role of the endocrine system?
The endocrine system consists of ductless glands that secrete hormones affecting
various bodily functions, including metabolism, growth, and reproduction.
What hormones are produced by the adrenal glands?
Epinephrine and norepinephrine, which affect stress responses, muscle fatigue, and
metabolism.
What are the alpha and beta effects of epinephrine?
Alpha1 causes vasoconstriction; Alpha2 regulates alpha1; Beta1 increases heart
rate and contraction; Beta2 causes smooth muscle dilation.
What are the functions of the integumentary system?
Protects the body, regulates temperature, serves as a sensory receptor, and aids in
water and electrolyte regulation.
What are the three layers of the skin?
Epidermis (outer layer), dermis (thicker layer with blood vessels and nerves), and
subcutaneous layer (fatty tissue beneath the dermis).
What organs make up the digestive system?
Mouth, esophagus, stomach, pancreas, liver, spleen, gallbladder, small intestine,
and colon.
What are the three types of muscle?
Skeletal, smooth, and cardiac.
What characterizes skeletal muscle?
and verified answers ( detailed & elaborated) 2025-2026 TEST
What are the main components of the Central Nervous System?
The brain (cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem) and spinal cord, protected by meninges
and cerebrospinal fluid.
What are the functions of the somatic and autonomic nervous systems?
Somatic (voluntary) nervous system influences skeletal muscle activity; autonomic
(involuntary) nervous system influences smooth muscle and gland activity.
What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system?
Sympathetic (activates fight or flight response) and parasympathetic (promotes rest
and digest functions).
What is the role of the endocrine system?
The endocrine system consists of ductless glands that secrete hormones affecting
various bodily functions, including metabolism, growth, and reproduction.
What hormones are produced by the adrenal glands?
Epinephrine and norepinephrine, which affect stress responses, muscle fatigue, and
metabolism.
What are the alpha and beta effects of epinephrine?
Alpha1 causes vasoconstriction; Alpha2 regulates alpha1; Beta1 increases heart
rate and contraction; Beta2 causes smooth muscle dilation.
What are the functions of the integumentary system?
Protects the body, regulates temperature, serves as a sensory receptor, and aids in
water and electrolyte regulation.
What are the three layers of the skin?
Epidermis (outer layer), dermis (thicker layer with blood vessels and nerves), and
subcutaneous layer (fatty tissue beneath the dermis).
What organs make up the digestive system?
Mouth, esophagus, stomach, pancreas, liver, spleen, gallbladder, small intestine,
and colon.
What are the three types of muscle?
Skeletal, smooth, and cardiac.
What characterizes skeletal muscle?
