Health Assessment and Physical Examination (HAP), 8th Edition by Jarvis – Latest 2025/2026 100% Verified Correct Revised Edition Final Test Bank Questions

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HAP FINAL TEST
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vb BANK QUESTIONS
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vb JARVIS 8 EDITION vb
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HAP FINAL TEST BANK QUESTIONS: Jarvis 7th
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vb EditionChapter 01: Evidence-Based Assessment
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MULTIPLE CHOICE vb




1. After completing an initial assessment of a patient, the nurse has charted that his respirations are eupneic and his pulse is 58 beats per minute.
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These types of data would be:
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a. Objective.

b. Reflective.

c. Subjective.

d. Introspective.

ANS: A vb




Objective data are what the health professional observes by inspecting, percussing, palpating, and auscultating during the physical examination.
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Subjective data is what the person saysabout him or herself during history taking. The terms reflective and introspective are not used to describe data.
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2. A patient tells the nurse that he is very nervous, is nauseated, and “feels hot.” These types of data would be:
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a. Objective.

b. Reflective.

c. Subjective.

d. Introspective.

ANS: C vb




Subjective data are what the person says about him or herself during history taking. Objective data are what the health professional observes by inspecting,
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percussing, palpating, and auscultating during the physical examination. The terms reflective and introspective are not used to describe data.
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3. The patient’s record, laboratory studies, objective data, and subjective data combine to form the:
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a. Data base. vb




b. Admitting data. vb




c. Financial statement. vb




d. Discharge summary. vb




ANS: A vb




Together with the patient’s record and laboratory studies, the objective and subjective data form the data base. The other items are not part of the patient’s
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record, laboratory studies, or data.
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4. When listening to a patient’s breath sounds, the nurse is unsure of a sound that is heard. The nurse’s next action should be to:
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a. Immediately notify the patient’s physician. vb vb vb vb




b. Document the sound exactly as it was heard. vb vb vb vb vb vb vb




c. Validate the data by asking a coworker to listen to the breath sounds.
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d. Assess again in 20 minutes to note whether the sound is still present.
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ANS: C vb




When unsure of a sound heard while listening to a patient’s breath sounds, the nurse validates the data to ensure accuracy. If the nurse has less
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experience in an area, then he or she asks an expert to listen.
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5. The nurse is conducting a class for new graduate nurses. During the teaching session, the nurse should keep in mind that novice nurses, without
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a background of skills and experience from which to draw, are more likely to make their decisions using:
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a. Intuition.

b. A set of rules.
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c. Articles in journals. vb vb




d. Advice from supervisors. vb vb




ANS: B vb




Novice nurses operate from a set of defined, structured rules. The expert practitioner uses intuitive links.
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6. Expert nurses learn to attend to a pattern of assessment data and act without consciously labeling it. These responses are referred to as:
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a. Intuition.

b. The nursing process.
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c. Clinical knowledge. vb




d. Diagnostic reasoning. vb




ANS: A vb




Intuition is characterized by pattern recognition—expert nurses learn to attend to a pattern of assessment data and act without consciously labeling it.
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The other options are not correct.
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7. The nurse is reviewing information about evidence-based practice (EBP). Which statement best reflects EBP?
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a. EBP relies on tradition for support of best practices.
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b. EBP is simply the use of best practice techniques for the treatment of patients.
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c. EBP emphasizes the use of best evidence with the clinician’s experience.
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d. The patient’s own preferences are not important with EBP.
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ANS: C
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EBP is a systematic approach to practice that emphasizes the use of best evidence in combination with the clinician’s experience, as well as patient
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preferences and values, when making decisions about care and treatment. EBP is more than simply using the best practice techniques to treat patients, and
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questioning tradition is important when no compelling and supportive research evidence exists.
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8. The nurse is conducting a class on priority setting for a group of new graduate nurses. Which is an example of a first-level priority problem?
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a. Patient with postoperative pain vb vb vb




b. Newly diagnosed patient with diabetes who needs diabetic teaching
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c. Individual with a small laceration on the sole of the foot
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d. Individual with shortness of breath and respiratory distress
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ANS: D
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First-level priority problems are those that are emergent, life threatening, and immediate (e.g., establishing an airway, supporting breathing, maintaining
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circulation, monitoring abnormal vital signs) (see Table 1-1).
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9. When considering priority setting of problems, the nurse keeps in mind that second-level priority problems include which of these aspects?
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a. Low self-esteem vb




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b. Lack of knowledge
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c. Abnormal laboratory values vb vb




d. Severely abnormal vital vb vb




vb signsANS: C vb vb




Second-level priority problems are those that require prompt intervention to forestall further deterioration (e.g., mental status change, acute pain, abnormal
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laboratory values, risks to safety or security) (see Table 1-1).
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10. Which critical thinking skill helps the nurse see relationships among the data?
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a. Validation

b. Clustering related cues vb vb




c. Identifying gaps in data vb vb vb




d. Distinguishing relevant from vb vb




vb irrelevantANS: B vb vb




Clustering related cues helps the nurse see relationships among the data.
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11. The nurse knows that developing appropriate nursing interventions for a patient relies on the appropriateness of the
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a. Nursing

b. Medical

c. Admission

d. Collaborative

ANS: A
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An accurate nursing diagnosis provides the basis for the selection of nursing interventions to achieve outcomes for which the nurse is accountable. The
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other items do not contribute to the development of appropriate nursing interventions.
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12. The nursing process is a sequential method of problem solving that nurses use and includes which steps?
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a. Assessment, treatment, planning, evaluation, discharge, and follow-up
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b. Admission, assessment, diagnosis, treatment, and discharge planning
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c. Admission, diagnosis, treatment, evaluation, and discharge planning
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d. Assessment, diagnosis, outcome identification, planning, implementation, and evaluation
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vb ANS: D vb




The nursing process is a method of problem solving that includes assessment, diagnosis, outcome identification, planning, implementation, and evaluation.
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13. A newly admitted patient is in acute pain, has not been sleeping well lately, and is having difficulty breathing. How should the nurse prioritize
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these problems?
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a. Breathing, pain, and sleep vb vb vb




b. Breathing, sleep, and pain vb vb vb




c. Sleep, breathing, and pain
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d. Sleep, pain, and breathing
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