NSG 300 Exam 1 | Verified with 100% Correct Answers

NSG 300 Exam 1 | Verified with 100% Correct Answers Healthy People 2020 -Attain high-quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death. -Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups. -Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all. -Promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors across all life stages. health beliefs a person's ideas, convictions, and attitudes about health and illness (individuals perception about susceptibility, serious of illness, and if they will take preventative action) positive health behaviors activities to maintain good health and prevent illness negative health behaviors practices potentially harmful to health Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs (level 1) Physiological Needs (level 2) Safety and Security (level 3) Relationships, Love and Affection (level 4) Self Esteem (level 5) Self Actualization holistic health model promote health by considering emotional, spiritual, and physical wellbeing. internal variables that influence health beliefs and practices developmental intellectual background perception off functioning emotional factors spiritual factors external variables that influence health beliefs and practices family practices socioeconomic cultural what is an example illness prevention? immunization program what are some examples of health promotion? routine exercise, good nutrition, adequate sleep what are some examples of wellness? physical awareness, stress management, self-responsibility primary prevention True prevention that lowers the chances that a disease will develop what are some examples of primary prevention? immunizations, physical activity, health education, nutrition, cleanliness secondary prevention individual has health issues/illness, this helps to decrease the chance of worsened conditions and to decrease complications from developing what are some examples of secondary prevention -screenings -diagnostic tests -medications tertiary prevention when a deficit is permanent/irreversible, so preventative cares used to prevent further disability what are some examples of tertiary prevention? Teach disease management to a patient with diabetes Referral of a patient to OT and PT Support group what are the stages of the change model? precontemplation contemplation preparation action maintenance precontemplation stage patient is unaware of problem and/or has no interest in change contemplation stage patient is aware of problem and is beginning to think about changing but has not made a commitment to do so (next 6 months) preparation stage patient is making a small change/coming up with a plan action stage patient is actively engaging in the plan maintenance stage patient integrates newly adopted behavior patterns into his or her lifestyle normal range for temperature 36-38 degrees c or 96.8-100.4 degrees f normal temperature range for elderly population 35-36.1 degrees c or 95-97 degrees f what are the factors that affect temperature age exercise hormone level circadian rhythm stress environment factors affecting temperature: age as you age, your temperature tens to run lower factors affecting temperature: exercise increase blood supply, increase heat production, increase body temperature factors affecting temperature: hormone level women experience increase fluctuation in body temp (progesterone) factors affecting temperature: circadian rhythm lowest temperature at 6 am and highest temperature at 4 pm (in healthy people) factors affecting temperature: stress stress increases metabolism, increasing oxygen need when the body cant meet this demand = hypoxia factors affecting temperature: environment room temperature/ temperature outside can lead to increase or decrease body temperature fever Abnormally high body temperature important mechanism and enhances immune system hyperthermia abnormally high body temperature due to the body inability to promote heat loss or reduce heat production hypothermia Abnormally low body temperature often associated with exposure to cold and the body is unable to compensate heatstroke prolonged exposure to the sun or high environmental temperature overwhelms the heat-loss mechanisms the body heat exhaustion condition resulting from exposure to heat and excessive loss of fluid through diaphoresis results in excess water and electrolyte loss normal pulse range 60-100 bpm strong and regular factors that influence pulse: exercise short term exercise increases pulse rate heart conditioned by long term exercise (athlete) will have lower resting pulse what factors influence pulse Exercise Temperature Acute pain Emotions Drugs Hemorrhage Position changes Pulmonary conditions factors that influence pulse: temperature fever and heat increase pulse hypothermia decrease pulse factors that influence pulse: acute pain increase in sympathetic activity will increase HR effects of chronic pain/parasympathetic stimulation increases by unrelieved pain which decreases HR factors that influence pulse: emotions SNS increase pulse (anxiety) PNS decrease pulse factors that influence pulse: medications epinephrine- increase HR beta adrenergic and CC blockers decrease HR factors that influence pulse: hemorrhage sympathetic stimulation by loss of blood increases HR factors that influence pulse: postural changes stand: increases HR lying down: decreases HR factors that influence pulse: pulmonary conditions (asthma, COPD)-- increased HR due to poor oxygenation tachycardia Abnormally rapid HR 100bpm Bradycardia abnormally slow HR 60bpm dysrhythmia Abnormal heart rhythm/missed beats normal respiration range 12-20 breaths per minute deep and regular as you age you need _____ breaths/min less factors affecting respiration acute pain exercise anxiety smoking body position medications neurological injuries hemoglobin function factors affecting respiration: acute pain pain may cause shallow breathing inhibits chest wall movement with chest/abdominal pain factors affecting respiration: exercise increases rate/depth so that the body can meet the oxygen demand and get rid of carbon dioxide factors affecting respiration: anxiety increases RR and depth as result of sympathetic stimulation factors affecting respiration: smoking changes pulmonary airways increase RR at rest when not smoking factors affecting respiration: body position straight/erect: full chest expansion stooped/slumped: impaired lying flat: prevent full chest expansion factors affecting respiration: medication opioid, anesthetics and sedatives decrease RR and depth amphetamines and cocaine increase RR and depth bronchodilators slow rate by causing dilation factors affecting respiration: neurological injury injury to brain stem impairs respiratory center and inhibits RR and rhythm factors affecting respiration: hemoglobin function decrease hemoglobin (anemia) -- decreases oxygen carrying capacity-- increase RR high oxygen levels are _____ for a patient with COPD FATAL do NOT over oxygenate what is a normal SPO2 range 95% what is a normal SPO2 range for patients with COPD 88%-92% normal BP range Systolic: 120 mmHg Diastolic: 80 mmHg Normal pulse pressure 30-50 mmHg what are the factors affecting BP age stress ethnicity and genetics gender daily variation medications activity and weight smoking factors affecting BP: age BP increases throughout life (larger children will have higher BP than smaller children) factors affecting BP: stress increase HR -- increase CO-- increase vascular resistance-- which increase BP factors affecting BP: ethnicity and genetics increase BP in African Americans factors affecting BP: gender after puberty makes then to have higher BP menopausal women then o have higher BP OVERALL no significant differenced in BP factors affecting BP: daily variation lower BP during sleep (12am-3am) there will be a slow and steady rise highest during the day (10am-6pm) factors affecting BP: medications antihypertensives & diuretics (any medication made to lower BP) factors affecting BP: activity and weight period of exercise can reduce BP for several hours afterward increase in the O2 demand increases BP factors affecting BP: smoking causes vasodilation which increases BP stage 1 hypertension Systolic: 130-139 Diastolic: 80-89 stage 2 hypertension Systolic: 140mmHg Diastolic: 90mmHg hypotension range systolic. falls below 90mmHg What is the nurses role in measuring, analyzing and reporting abnormal vital signs? the nurses role is to ASSESS, then create a NURSING DIAGNOSIS, develop a PLAN, IMPLEMENT the plan/goals, then EVALUATE the outcomes What does caring mean in nursing practice? autonomy advocate educator communicator (empathy & comfort) define disease harmful deviation from normal structure of functional state of an organism, generally associated with certain signs and symptoms acute disease symptoms develop rapidly short term self limiting dissipate after injury heals (trauma, surgery, kidney stone) chronic disease when pain continues for 6 months or longer chain of infection infectious agent reservoir portal of exit mode of transmission portal of entry susceptible host reservoir where microorganism survives, multiplies and awaits transfer to host portal of exit a way for the infectious agent to escape from the reservoir in which it has been growing so it can find a host to enter and cause disease mode of transmission a way that the causative agent can be transmitted to another reservoir or host where it can live (often unwashed hands)