Microbiology: A Systems Approach Ch. 1, 2.2, 3 (Cowan, 4th ed.)
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_15vvy4
1. microbiology specialized area of biology that deals w/living things ordinarily too small to be
seen without magnification
2. microorganisms microbes or microscopic organisms
3. microbes bacteria, algae, protozoa, helminths, fungi
4. viruses protein coated genetic elements, noncellular, parasitic and dependent on their
infected host
5. 3 cell types bacteria, eukaryotes, archaea
6. basic structures bacillus, coccus, spiral
of bacteria
7. protozoans diverse group of single-cell eukaryotic organisms
8. eukaryote complex single celled organism which arose from organisms that existed 3.5
billion years ago. 10x larger than archaea and bacteria
eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles and nucleus. Only plants,
algae, & fungi have cell walls (protozoan & animal cells do not)
9. prokaryote bacteria and archaea have no true nucleus - prenucleus -
10. ancestral cell began approx 3.5 billion years ago and evolved into eukaryotes, archaea, bacteria
evolution
11. evolution the accumulation of changes that occur in organisms as they adapt to their
environments
12. photosynthesis light fueled conversion of carbon dioxide to organic material, forms oxygen -
oxygenic photosynthesis -
bacteria and algae provide 70% of earth's photosynthesis
13.
, Microbiology: A Systems Approach Ch. 1, 2.2, 3 (Cowan, 4th ed.)
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_15vvy4
anoxygenic pho- photosynthesis that doesn't produce oxygen - precursor to oxygenic photosyn-
tosynthesis thesis
14. decomposition breakdown of dead matter and wastes into simple compounds and directed back
to natural cycles of living things
15. genetic engi- area of biotech that manipulates genetics of plants, microbes, animals to create
neering new products - GMOs
16. recombinant transfer genetic material from one organisms to another to alter DNA
DNA technology
17. bioremediation introduction of microbes into the environment to restore stability/clean toxic
pollutants
18. organelles small double membrane bound structures in the eukaryotic cell, performs specific
functions and include a nucleus, mitochondria, chlorplasts
19. bacteria microorganism smaller than eukarya, lack nucleus & organelles, but have cell walls
containing peptidoglycan, protein, polysaccharides and lipids
20. archaea microorganism smaller than eukarya, lack nucleus & organelles, & have cell walls
containing protein, polysaccharides and lipids (no peptidoglycan)
21. taxonomy the science of classification of biological species, used to organize all of the forms
of modern and extinct life.
biological classification, in part reflects our understanding of evolution; thus, as
technological advances enhance and change our understanding of evolutionary
schemes and biological relationships, our classification methods may also change
(e.g. lateral web-based vs. linear/generational tree-based phylogeny).
-tool to study microbes-
22. Robert Hooke
, Microbiology: A Systems Approach Ch. 1, 2.2, 3 (Cowan, 4th ed.)
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_15vvy4
first described & kept records of microorganisms, such as mold species growing
on a leather surface, seen through his early homemade microscope in the 1660s.
(Also coined the word "cell".)
23. Antonie van in the 1600's used an even more powerful [than Hooke's] self-made microscope
Leewenhoek (300X!) to observe & describe "animalcules" (single-celled organisms including
bacteria & protozoa) from surfaces that included never before cleaned teeth.
24. Francesco Redi in the late 1660s, demonstrated that maggots aren't formed from meat, because
if it is covered, flies cannot land on it nor lay their eggs on it.
25. Louis Pasteur better convinced skeptics in the 1800s that air itself was not the source of life by
culturing sterilized broth in a flask with a long swan-like curved neck within which
gravity would deposit entering air-borne microbes while still allowing exposure
of broth to air.
26. Joseph Lister introduced aseptic techniques in the 1860s
27. Oliver Holmes observed, independently, that hospitals could be a great source of infection
Ignaz Semmel-
weis
28. Robert Koch in the early 1880s, was the first to definitively demonstrate that a specific microbe
was the cause of a particular disease Bacillus anthracis causes anthrax. This led to
a surge of similar discoveries.
29. germ theory of human diseases could arise from infection. Determinable - whether an organism
disease was pathogenic and which disease it caused.
30. archaea archaeobacteria are more closely related to eukaryotic cells than to bacterial cells
31. domain highest level in the hierarchy and can contain many kingdoms
32. kingdom the second division in the levels of classification (domains are divided by ______)
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_15vvy4
1. microbiology specialized area of biology that deals w/living things ordinarily too small to be
seen without magnification
2. microorganisms microbes or microscopic organisms
3. microbes bacteria, algae, protozoa, helminths, fungi
4. viruses protein coated genetic elements, noncellular, parasitic and dependent on their
infected host
5. 3 cell types bacteria, eukaryotes, archaea
6. basic structures bacillus, coccus, spiral
of bacteria
7. protozoans diverse group of single-cell eukaryotic organisms
8. eukaryote complex single celled organism which arose from organisms that existed 3.5
billion years ago. 10x larger than archaea and bacteria
eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles and nucleus. Only plants,
algae, & fungi have cell walls (protozoan & animal cells do not)
9. prokaryote bacteria and archaea have no true nucleus - prenucleus -
10. ancestral cell began approx 3.5 billion years ago and evolved into eukaryotes, archaea, bacteria
evolution
11. evolution the accumulation of changes that occur in organisms as they adapt to their
environments
12. photosynthesis light fueled conversion of carbon dioxide to organic material, forms oxygen -
oxygenic photosynthesis -
bacteria and algae provide 70% of earth's photosynthesis
13.
, Microbiology: A Systems Approach Ch. 1, 2.2, 3 (Cowan, 4th ed.)
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_15vvy4
anoxygenic pho- photosynthesis that doesn't produce oxygen - precursor to oxygenic photosyn-
tosynthesis thesis
14. decomposition breakdown of dead matter and wastes into simple compounds and directed back
to natural cycles of living things
15. genetic engi- area of biotech that manipulates genetics of plants, microbes, animals to create
neering new products - GMOs
16. recombinant transfer genetic material from one organisms to another to alter DNA
DNA technology
17. bioremediation introduction of microbes into the environment to restore stability/clean toxic
pollutants
18. organelles small double membrane bound structures in the eukaryotic cell, performs specific
functions and include a nucleus, mitochondria, chlorplasts
19. bacteria microorganism smaller than eukarya, lack nucleus & organelles, but have cell walls
containing peptidoglycan, protein, polysaccharides and lipids
20. archaea microorganism smaller than eukarya, lack nucleus & organelles, & have cell walls
containing protein, polysaccharides and lipids (no peptidoglycan)
21. taxonomy the science of classification of biological species, used to organize all of the forms
of modern and extinct life.
biological classification, in part reflects our understanding of evolution; thus, as
technological advances enhance and change our understanding of evolutionary
schemes and biological relationships, our classification methods may also change
(e.g. lateral web-based vs. linear/generational tree-based phylogeny).
-tool to study microbes-
22. Robert Hooke
, Microbiology: A Systems Approach Ch. 1, 2.2, 3 (Cowan, 4th ed.)
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_15vvy4
first described & kept records of microorganisms, such as mold species growing
on a leather surface, seen through his early homemade microscope in the 1660s.
(Also coined the word "cell".)
23. Antonie van in the 1600's used an even more powerful [than Hooke's] self-made microscope
Leewenhoek (300X!) to observe & describe "animalcules" (single-celled organisms including
bacteria & protozoa) from surfaces that included never before cleaned teeth.
24. Francesco Redi in the late 1660s, demonstrated that maggots aren't formed from meat, because
if it is covered, flies cannot land on it nor lay their eggs on it.
25. Louis Pasteur better convinced skeptics in the 1800s that air itself was not the source of life by
culturing sterilized broth in a flask with a long swan-like curved neck within which
gravity would deposit entering air-borne microbes while still allowing exposure
of broth to air.
26. Joseph Lister introduced aseptic techniques in the 1860s
27. Oliver Holmes observed, independently, that hospitals could be a great source of infection
Ignaz Semmel-
weis
28. Robert Koch in the early 1880s, was the first to definitively demonstrate that a specific microbe
was the cause of a particular disease Bacillus anthracis causes anthrax. This led to
a surge of similar discoveries.
29. germ theory of human diseases could arise from infection. Determinable - whether an organism
disease was pathogenic and which disease it caused.
30. archaea archaeobacteria are more closely related to eukaryotic cells than to bacterial cells
31. domain highest level in the hierarchy and can contain many kingdoms
32. kingdom the second division in the levels of classification (domains are divided by ______)
