Ecco final exam 2025/2026 bank newest exam 2 versions
currently testing /complete 400 questions with detailed
verified answers (100% correct answers) /already graded
A+
Question 1
A nurse is caring for a client experiencing an acute myocardial infarction
(MI). The client reports crushing chest pain radiating to the left arm. What is
the immediate nursing intervention?
A) Administer a beta-blocker intravenously.
B) Obtain a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG).
C) Administer oxygen via nasal cannula.
D) Prepare for immediate cardiac catheterization.
E) Administer sublingual nitroglycerin.
Correct Answer: B) Obtain a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG)
Rationale: For a client with suspected acute MI, obtaining a 12-lead
ECG is the highest priority as it is crucial for rapid diagnosis
(especially ST elevation) and guiding subsequent treatment
decisions (e.g., reperfusion therapy). While other interventions like
oxygen and nitroglycerin are important, the ECG provides critical
diagnostic information first.
Question 2
A client presents to the emergency department with hypertensive crisis,
exhibiting a blood pressure of 220/120 mmHg and signs of target organ
damage. Which of the following is a primary goal of immediate treatment?
A) Reduce mean arterial pressure (MAP) by no more than 50% in the first
hour.
B) Rapidly decrease systolic blood pressure to below 140 mmHg within 30
minutes.
C) Maintain diastolic blood pressure above 100 mmHg to ensure organ
perfusion.
D) Initiate oral antihypertensive medications immediately.
E) Achieve complete normalization of blood pressure within 2 hours.
,Correct Answer: A) Reduce mean arterial pressure (MAP) by no more
than 50% in the first hour.
Rationale: In a hypertensive crisis with target organ damage
(emergency), the goal is a controlled reduction of MAP, typically by
no more than 20-25% in the first hour, and then a more gradual
reduction to prevent hypoperfusion and ischemic events in organs
that have adapted to high blood pressure. Option A is the most
controlled and safest immediate goal.
Question 3
A client with acute GI bleeding from esophageal varices is admitted to the
ICU. The nurse anticipates administering which medication to reduce portal
pressure?
A) Pantoprazole
B) Octreotide
C) Metoclopramide
D) Lactulose
E) Sucralfate
Correct Answer: B) Octreotide
Rationale: Octreotide (a somatostatin analog) is used in acute
variceal bleeding to reduce splanchnic blood flow and portal venous
pressure, thereby decreasing bleeding.
Question 4
A client with acute pancreatitis is experiencing severe abdominal pain,
nausea, and vomiting. Which laboratory finding is most indicative of acute
pancreatitis?
A) Elevated AST and ALT.
B) Elevated serum lipase and amylase.
C) Elevated BUN and creatinine.
D) Decreased serum calcium.
E) Elevated white blood cell count.
,Correct Answer: B) Elevated serum lipase and amylase.
Rationale: Elevated serum lipase and amylase levels (typically 3
times the upper limit of normal) are the hallmark diagnostic
indicators for acute pancreatitis. Lipase is generally considered
more specific.
Question 5
A nurse is assessing a client with suspected cardiac tamponade. Which of the
following findings is a component of Beck's Triad?
A) Hypertension, bradycardia, muffled heart sounds.
B) Hypotension, muffled heart sounds, jugular venous distension (JVD).
C) Tachycardia, clear lung sounds, peripheral edema.
D) Bradycardia, clear lung sounds, weak peripheral pulses.
E) Hypertension, bounding pulses, peripheral edema.
Correct Answer: B) Hypotension, muffled heart sounds, jugular
venous distension (JVD).
Rationale: Beck's Triad, characteristic of cardiac tamponade,
consists of hypotension, muffled heart sounds, and jugular venous
distension. These signs result from the compression of the heart by
fluid in the pericardial sac.
Question 6
A client with a spinal cord injury at the C4 level is admitted to the ICU. The
nurse's highest priority assessment is:
A) Skin integrity.
B) Bowel and bladder function.
C) Respiratory status.
D) Motor and sensory function of lower extremities.
E) Psychological adjustment.
Correct Answer: C) Respiratory status.
Rationale: A C4 spinal cord injury affects the diaphragm and
intercostal muscles, severely impairing respiratory function.
, Maintaining a patent airway and adequate ventilation is the
absolute highest priority.
Question 7
When administering total parenteral nutrition (TPN) to a critically ill client,
which electrolyte abnormality is a significant risk if the client is malnourished
and refeeding syndrome occurs?
A) Hypernatremia
B) Hyperkalemia
C) Hypophosphatemia
D) Hypercalcemia
E) Hyperglycemia
Correct Answer: C) Hypophosphatemia
Rationale: Refeeding syndrome, often seen in malnourished clients
started on aggressive nutritional support (like TPN), is
characterized by severe shifts in electrolytes, with
hypophosphatemia being a critical and potentially life-threatening
component.
Question 8
A client with a history of heart failure is being monitored for signs of
worsening condition. Which finding best indicates fluid volume overload?
A) Dry mucous membranes.
B) Flattened neck veins.
C) Weight loss of 2 lbs in 24 hours.
D) Crackles in the lungs and increased jugular venous distension.
E) Weak, thready peripheral pulses.
Correct Answer: D) Crackles in the lungs and increased jugular
venous distension.
Rationale: Crackles in the lungs (pulmonary edema) and JVD are
classic signs of fluid volume overload, indicating congestion in the
currently testing /complete 400 questions with detailed
verified answers (100% correct answers) /already graded
A+
Question 1
A nurse is caring for a client experiencing an acute myocardial infarction
(MI). The client reports crushing chest pain radiating to the left arm. What is
the immediate nursing intervention?
A) Administer a beta-blocker intravenously.
B) Obtain a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG).
C) Administer oxygen via nasal cannula.
D) Prepare for immediate cardiac catheterization.
E) Administer sublingual nitroglycerin.
Correct Answer: B) Obtain a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG)
Rationale: For a client with suspected acute MI, obtaining a 12-lead
ECG is the highest priority as it is crucial for rapid diagnosis
(especially ST elevation) and guiding subsequent treatment
decisions (e.g., reperfusion therapy). While other interventions like
oxygen and nitroglycerin are important, the ECG provides critical
diagnostic information first.
Question 2
A client presents to the emergency department with hypertensive crisis,
exhibiting a blood pressure of 220/120 mmHg and signs of target organ
damage. Which of the following is a primary goal of immediate treatment?
A) Reduce mean arterial pressure (MAP) by no more than 50% in the first
hour.
B) Rapidly decrease systolic blood pressure to below 140 mmHg within 30
minutes.
C) Maintain diastolic blood pressure above 100 mmHg to ensure organ
perfusion.
D) Initiate oral antihypertensive medications immediately.
E) Achieve complete normalization of blood pressure within 2 hours.
,Correct Answer: A) Reduce mean arterial pressure (MAP) by no more
than 50% in the first hour.
Rationale: In a hypertensive crisis with target organ damage
(emergency), the goal is a controlled reduction of MAP, typically by
no more than 20-25% in the first hour, and then a more gradual
reduction to prevent hypoperfusion and ischemic events in organs
that have adapted to high blood pressure. Option A is the most
controlled and safest immediate goal.
Question 3
A client with acute GI bleeding from esophageal varices is admitted to the
ICU. The nurse anticipates administering which medication to reduce portal
pressure?
A) Pantoprazole
B) Octreotide
C) Metoclopramide
D) Lactulose
E) Sucralfate
Correct Answer: B) Octreotide
Rationale: Octreotide (a somatostatin analog) is used in acute
variceal bleeding to reduce splanchnic blood flow and portal venous
pressure, thereby decreasing bleeding.
Question 4
A client with acute pancreatitis is experiencing severe abdominal pain,
nausea, and vomiting. Which laboratory finding is most indicative of acute
pancreatitis?
A) Elevated AST and ALT.
B) Elevated serum lipase and amylase.
C) Elevated BUN and creatinine.
D) Decreased serum calcium.
E) Elevated white blood cell count.
,Correct Answer: B) Elevated serum lipase and amylase.
Rationale: Elevated serum lipase and amylase levels (typically 3
times the upper limit of normal) are the hallmark diagnostic
indicators for acute pancreatitis. Lipase is generally considered
more specific.
Question 5
A nurse is assessing a client with suspected cardiac tamponade. Which of the
following findings is a component of Beck's Triad?
A) Hypertension, bradycardia, muffled heart sounds.
B) Hypotension, muffled heart sounds, jugular venous distension (JVD).
C) Tachycardia, clear lung sounds, peripheral edema.
D) Bradycardia, clear lung sounds, weak peripheral pulses.
E) Hypertension, bounding pulses, peripheral edema.
Correct Answer: B) Hypotension, muffled heart sounds, jugular
venous distension (JVD).
Rationale: Beck's Triad, characteristic of cardiac tamponade,
consists of hypotension, muffled heart sounds, and jugular venous
distension. These signs result from the compression of the heart by
fluid in the pericardial sac.
Question 6
A client with a spinal cord injury at the C4 level is admitted to the ICU. The
nurse's highest priority assessment is:
A) Skin integrity.
B) Bowel and bladder function.
C) Respiratory status.
D) Motor and sensory function of lower extremities.
E) Psychological adjustment.
Correct Answer: C) Respiratory status.
Rationale: A C4 spinal cord injury affects the diaphragm and
intercostal muscles, severely impairing respiratory function.
, Maintaining a patent airway and adequate ventilation is the
absolute highest priority.
Question 7
When administering total parenteral nutrition (TPN) to a critically ill client,
which electrolyte abnormality is a significant risk if the client is malnourished
and refeeding syndrome occurs?
A) Hypernatremia
B) Hyperkalemia
C) Hypophosphatemia
D) Hypercalcemia
E) Hyperglycemia
Correct Answer: C) Hypophosphatemia
Rationale: Refeeding syndrome, often seen in malnourished clients
started on aggressive nutritional support (like TPN), is
characterized by severe shifts in electrolytes, with
hypophosphatemia being a critical and potentially life-threatening
component.
Question 8
A client with a history of heart failure is being monitored for signs of
worsening condition. Which finding best indicates fluid volume overload?
A) Dry mucous membranes.
B) Flattened neck veins.
C) Weight loss of 2 lbs in 24 hours.
D) Crackles in the lungs and increased jugular venous distension.
E) Weak, thready peripheral pulses.
Correct Answer: D) Crackles in the lungs and increased jugular
venous distension.
Rationale: Crackles in the lungs (pulmonary edema) and JVD are
classic signs of fluid volume overload, indicating congestion in the
