Summary of Chemistry first year (with detailed concept) A+ notes!

, -




modynaan ICS
-


Uer




eatupussica
T


universemovetossa

universe -

system+ surroundings



system+ Surroundings
Energy
system matter can matter- E
exchang
if boundry clear




& open both matter- f
systems -


exchange

& closed -
"E ,
not matter


③ isolated can't either
-

exchange




state variables - variables describing conds of system >
-
temp , pressure ,
volume
, density , mass , [J ,
etc




>
- intensive -
independent of size of
system >
-
temp pressure
, , density ,
molar mass
,
concentration


↳ extensive -
dependent on size of system - volume , mass , moles
,
energy
(size volume)

calories intensive
per log or
ky/mol >
-




1
*
Energy
↓
calories - extensive




Thermo Equilibrium >
- properties of system in a certain state are independant of time




ideal
gas
law PV = nRT ideal
gas -> collection of
gas-phase non
interacting point particles in



ceaseless random
that
undergo perfectly elastic collisions



p pressure of
gas
=




v volume of
=
gas 1) no volume to
particles
n =
# moles of gas 2) don't interact Cattract/repel until collision)


R =
gas constant 3) elastic collisions

T =
temp of gas (Kelvin)




closed system ideal temp
gas room




closed wont
system , change
H

P V n RT add heat , not let volume
=



[
, , , ,
↓
change
change
change



↳ Final state also in equilibrium

PaVz =
naRTc if TX 2 Pxz




- Internal E Cf inside system) >
- extensive state variable


CE or U) ↳ KE or PE
,
anything w/ j units




↳ j/md >
- intensive