BCHM 4611 FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2025 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+||BRAND
NEW!!
Prokaryotes - (answer)2 domains: archaea and bacteria, exclusively single cell organisms, no nucleus
Benefits of being prokaryotic - (answer)More adaptable to changing environments, species have evolved
to colonize extreme environments due to their simplicity and rapid cell division
Eukaryotes - (answer)Multicellular and unicellular organisms, more complex cellular organization with
membrane-enclosed organelles that have specialized functions, DNA stored in nucleus
Classes of monomers - (answer)Amino acids, monosaccharides, nucleotides, and lipids
Classes of polymers - (answer)Polypeptides, polysaccharides, nucleic acids (no true polymers for lipids -
form non-covalent aggregates)
Polypeptide/protein - (answer)Polymer of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds
Residue - (answer)Monomer that has been incorporated into a polymer
Protein major roles - (answer)Carry out metabolic reactions, support cellular structures
Protein minor role - (answer)Store energy
Nucleic acid major role - (answer)Encode information
Nucleic acid minor roles - (answer)Carry out metabolic reactions, support cellular structures
Polysaccharides major roles - (answer)Store energy, support cellular structures
, BCHM 4611 FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2025 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+||BRAND
NEW!!
Polysaccharides minor role - (answer)Encode information
Open system - (answer)Energy can be transferred between the system and its surroundings
Closed system - (answer)Only exchanges energy with its surroundings, not matter
Isolated system - (answer)Does not exchange energy or matter with its surroundings
Gibbs free energy (G) - (answer)Thermodynamic quantity whose change indicates the spontaneity of a
process. For spontaneous/favorable processes, ΔG < 0, whereas for a process at equilibrium, ΔG = 0
Enthalpy (H) - (answer)Heat content of a biochemical system
Entropy (S) - (answer)Degree of randomness or disorder of a system
Free energy change equation - (answer)ΔG = ΔH - TΔS
Coupled reaction - (answer)Reactions that occur in concert with each other; product of the first reaction
is a reactant for the second reaction; ΔG values are added when reactions are combined
Why is ΔG independent of path chosen? - (answer)Depends only on the initial and final states of the
system, without regard to the specific chemical or mechanical work that occurred in going from one
state to the other
Oxidation - (answer)Loss of electrons through the addition of oxygen or removal of hydrogen; oxidation
of carbon is thermodynamically favorable so it can be coupled with otherwise unfavorable processes
, BCHM 4611 FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2025 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+||BRAND
NEW!!
Catabolism - (answer)Breaking down molecules, yielding energy; some of this free energy may be
conserved in the formation of nucleotide triphosphates (NTPs) such as ATP or reduced cofactors such as
NADP+ or Q
Anabolism - (answer)Building complex molecules at the expense of energy
H2O structure/geometry - (answer)Central oxygen atom forms covalent bonds with two hydrogen
atoms, leaving two unshared pairs of electrons; tetrahedral geometry
How does water's structure affect its properties and interactions with other molecules? - (answer)It is
polar (uneven distribution of charge) which allows it to form hydrogen bonds with other water
molecules, this makes water highly cohesive; has high dielectric constant which means ionic compounds
dissolve in it well; polar compounds also dissolve well due to hydrogen bonding with water
Covalent bond - (answer)Formed when two atoms share electrons
Ionic interaction - (answer)Electrostatic interaction between two groups that is stronger than a
hydrogen bond but weaker than a covalent bond
Hydrogen bond - (answer)Partly electrostatic, partly covalent interaction between a donor group such as
OH or NH and an electronegative acceptor atom such as O or N
Types of Van der Waals interactions - (answer)Dipole-dipole, dipole-induced dipole, and London
dispersion forces
Van der Waals interactions - (answer)Weak non-covalent association between molecules that arises
from the attractive forces between polar groups (dipole-dipole interactions) or between non-polar
groups whose fluctuating electron distribution gives rise to temporary dipoles (London dispersion
forces)
, BCHM 4611 FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2025 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+||BRAND
NEW!!
Relative strengths of chemical bonds (weakest to strongest) - (answer)Van der Waals, hydrogen bond,
ionic, covalent
Amphipathic/amphiphilic - (answer)Having both polar and non-polar regions and therefore being both
hydrophilic and hydrophobic
How do amphiphilic molecules behave in aqueous solutions? - (answer)Polar groups of amphiphiles
orient themselves toward the solvent molecules and are therefore hydrated, while the nonpolar groups
tend to aggregate due to the hydrophobic effect; as a result, amphiphiles may form a spherical micelle, a
particle with a solvated surface and a hydrophobic core
Hydrophobic effect - (answer)Exclusion of non-polar substances from an aqueous solution; non-polar
molecules are driven out of the aqueous phase by the unfavorable entropy cost of individually hydrating
them
Buffer - (answer)Solution containing an acid and its conjugate base, resists changes in pH when more
acid or base is added
Buffer effective range - (answer)Within one unit of the pKa (pKa +/- 1)
Bicarbonate buffer system - (answer)CO2 in blood plasma reacts with water to form carbonic acid,
H2CO3, which ionizes to HCO3-
Why is bicarbonate buffer system effective? - (answer)Excess hydrogen ions can not only be buffered
but can also be eliminated from the body because after the H+ combines with HCO3− to re-form H2CO3
(which rapidly equilibrates with CO2 + H2O), some of the CO2 can be given off as a gas in the lungs;
breathing can be adjusted to help control blood pH
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+||BRAND
NEW!!
Prokaryotes - (answer)2 domains: archaea and bacteria, exclusively single cell organisms, no nucleus
Benefits of being prokaryotic - (answer)More adaptable to changing environments, species have evolved
to colonize extreme environments due to their simplicity and rapid cell division
Eukaryotes - (answer)Multicellular and unicellular organisms, more complex cellular organization with
membrane-enclosed organelles that have specialized functions, DNA stored in nucleus
Classes of monomers - (answer)Amino acids, monosaccharides, nucleotides, and lipids
Classes of polymers - (answer)Polypeptides, polysaccharides, nucleic acids (no true polymers for lipids -
form non-covalent aggregates)
Polypeptide/protein - (answer)Polymer of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds
Residue - (answer)Monomer that has been incorporated into a polymer
Protein major roles - (answer)Carry out metabolic reactions, support cellular structures
Protein minor role - (answer)Store energy
Nucleic acid major role - (answer)Encode information
Nucleic acid minor roles - (answer)Carry out metabolic reactions, support cellular structures
Polysaccharides major roles - (answer)Store energy, support cellular structures
, BCHM 4611 FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2025 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+||BRAND
NEW!!
Polysaccharides minor role - (answer)Encode information
Open system - (answer)Energy can be transferred between the system and its surroundings
Closed system - (answer)Only exchanges energy with its surroundings, not matter
Isolated system - (answer)Does not exchange energy or matter with its surroundings
Gibbs free energy (G) - (answer)Thermodynamic quantity whose change indicates the spontaneity of a
process. For spontaneous/favorable processes, ΔG < 0, whereas for a process at equilibrium, ΔG = 0
Enthalpy (H) - (answer)Heat content of a biochemical system
Entropy (S) - (answer)Degree of randomness or disorder of a system
Free energy change equation - (answer)ΔG = ΔH - TΔS
Coupled reaction - (answer)Reactions that occur in concert with each other; product of the first reaction
is a reactant for the second reaction; ΔG values are added when reactions are combined
Why is ΔG independent of path chosen? - (answer)Depends only on the initial and final states of the
system, without regard to the specific chemical or mechanical work that occurred in going from one
state to the other
Oxidation - (answer)Loss of electrons through the addition of oxygen or removal of hydrogen; oxidation
of carbon is thermodynamically favorable so it can be coupled with otherwise unfavorable processes
, BCHM 4611 FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2025 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+||BRAND
NEW!!
Catabolism - (answer)Breaking down molecules, yielding energy; some of this free energy may be
conserved in the formation of nucleotide triphosphates (NTPs) such as ATP or reduced cofactors such as
NADP+ or Q
Anabolism - (answer)Building complex molecules at the expense of energy
H2O structure/geometry - (answer)Central oxygen atom forms covalent bonds with two hydrogen
atoms, leaving two unshared pairs of electrons; tetrahedral geometry
How does water's structure affect its properties and interactions with other molecules? - (answer)It is
polar (uneven distribution of charge) which allows it to form hydrogen bonds with other water
molecules, this makes water highly cohesive; has high dielectric constant which means ionic compounds
dissolve in it well; polar compounds also dissolve well due to hydrogen bonding with water
Covalent bond - (answer)Formed when two atoms share electrons
Ionic interaction - (answer)Electrostatic interaction between two groups that is stronger than a
hydrogen bond but weaker than a covalent bond
Hydrogen bond - (answer)Partly electrostatic, partly covalent interaction between a donor group such as
OH or NH and an electronegative acceptor atom such as O or N
Types of Van der Waals interactions - (answer)Dipole-dipole, dipole-induced dipole, and London
dispersion forces
Van der Waals interactions - (answer)Weak non-covalent association between molecules that arises
from the attractive forces between polar groups (dipole-dipole interactions) or between non-polar
groups whose fluctuating electron distribution gives rise to temporary dipoles (London dispersion
forces)
, BCHM 4611 FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2025 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+||BRAND
NEW!!
Relative strengths of chemical bonds (weakest to strongest) - (answer)Van der Waals, hydrogen bond,
ionic, covalent
Amphipathic/amphiphilic - (answer)Having both polar and non-polar regions and therefore being both
hydrophilic and hydrophobic
How do amphiphilic molecules behave in aqueous solutions? - (answer)Polar groups of amphiphiles
orient themselves toward the solvent molecules and are therefore hydrated, while the nonpolar groups
tend to aggregate due to the hydrophobic effect; as a result, amphiphiles may form a spherical micelle, a
particle with a solvated surface and a hydrophobic core
Hydrophobic effect - (answer)Exclusion of non-polar substances from an aqueous solution; non-polar
molecules are driven out of the aqueous phase by the unfavorable entropy cost of individually hydrating
them
Buffer - (answer)Solution containing an acid and its conjugate base, resists changes in pH when more
acid or base is added
Buffer effective range - (answer)Within one unit of the pKa (pKa +/- 1)
Bicarbonate buffer system - (answer)CO2 in blood plasma reacts with water to form carbonic acid,
H2CO3, which ionizes to HCO3-
Why is bicarbonate buffer system effective? - (answer)Excess hydrogen ions can not only be buffered
but can also be eliminated from the body because after the H+ combines with HCO3− to re-form H2CO3
(which rapidly equilibrates with CO2 + H2O), some of the CO2 can be given off as a gas in the lungs;
breathing can be adjusted to help control blood pH
