Chapter 5: Chronic Illness: Lewis’s Medical-Surgical Nursing, 5th Edition
1. Which of the following is a characteristic of health-related hardiness known as
"challenge"?
A. Confidence to appraise a health stressor
B. Ability to modify responses to health stressors
C. Viewing a health stressor as an opportunity for growth
D. Optimal psychosocial adaptation to a health stressor
Answer: C
Explanation: In health-related hardiness, "challenge" involves cognitively reappraising a
health stressor so it is viewed as a stimulating opportunity for growth rather than a threat.
2. Which of the following models calls for a political response to disability?
A. Social
B. Medical
C. Activist
D. Collaborative
Answer: A
Explanation: The social model of disability views disability as a socially created problem
due to an unaccommodating physical and social environment, and thus calls for a political
response to create change.
3. Which of the following factors has a major impact on the development of chronic
illness?
A. Poverty
B. Social stability
C. Urban dwelling
D. High school diploma
Answer: A
Explanation: Poverty and socioeconomic disadvantage are recognized to have a major
impact on the development of chronic illness. The other factors listed do not have the same
significant, direct correlation.
4. Which of the following statements is true related to nonmodifiable risk factors for
chronic illness?
,A. Cannot be changed
B. Requires intervention in order to change
C. Can be altered to benefit health outcomes
D. Can be changed with patient perseverance
Answer: A
Explanation: Nonmodifiable risk factors, such as age, gender, and genetics, are inherent
characteristics that cannot be changed. The other options incorrectly suggest that these factors
can be altered.
5. Which of the following patient statements reflect an outcome expectancy statement?
A. "I am not able to exercise."
B. "Exercise helps people lose weight."
C. "Exercise is too hard on my arthritis."
D. "Dietary restrictions work better than exercise to lose weight."
Answer: B
Explanation: An outcome expectancy is the individual's belief that a specific behaviour will
lead to a certain outcome. The statement "Exercise helps people lose weight" reflects this
belief about the result of an action.
6. Which of the following types of cancers has a genetic predisposition to its occurrence?
A. Lung
B. Breast
C. Cervix
D. Testicles
Answer: B
Explanation: Genetic testing can show an inherited predisposition to several cancers,
including breast and ovarian cancer, melanoma, and colon cancer.
7. What is the most influential source of self-efficacy?
A. Mastery
B. Affective states
C. Verbal persuasion
D. Vicarious experience
Answer: A
, Explanation: Mastery, or the successful performance of a task, is considered the most
influential source of self-efficacy because it provides direct, personal evidence of one's
capabilities.
8. Which of the following is an example of multimorbidity?
A. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and a urinary tract infection
B. Lung cancer and pneumonia
C. Chronic kidney disease and appendicitis
D. Diabetes and exacerbation of rheumatoid arthritis
Answer: D
Explanation: Multimorbidity is the simultaneous occurrence of several chronic medical
conditions in the same person. The other options include acute conditions (urinary tract
infection, pneumonia, appendicitis), which do not constitute multimorbidity.
9. Which of the following characteristics is true related to chronic illness?
A. Abrupt onset
B. Usually single cause
C. Short latency period
D. Noninfectious origin
Answer: D
Explanation: Chronic illnesses are typically characterized by a noninfectious origin,
uncertain etiology, multiple risk factors, a long latency period, and a prolonged duration.
10. The nurse is caring for a patient with type 2 diabetes who has been hospitalized with
severe hyperglycemia. Which of the following topics will be most important to include
in discharge teaching?
A. Effect of endogenous insulin on transportation of glucose into cells
B. Function of the liver in formation of glycogen and gluconeogenesis
C. Impact of the patient's family history on likelihood of developing diabetes
D. Symptoms indicating that the patient should contact the health care provider
Answer: D
Explanation: A key task in chronic illness management is preventing and managing crises.
Teaching the patient to recognize symptoms of hyperglycemia and when to seek help is
essential for safe self-management at home.
1. Which of the following is a characteristic of health-related hardiness known as
"challenge"?
A. Confidence to appraise a health stressor
B. Ability to modify responses to health stressors
C. Viewing a health stressor as an opportunity for growth
D. Optimal psychosocial adaptation to a health stressor
Answer: C
Explanation: In health-related hardiness, "challenge" involves cognitively reappraising a
health stressor so it is viewed as a stimulating opportunity for growth rather than a threat.
2. Which of the following models calls for a political response to disability?
A. Social
B. Medical
C. Activist
D. Collaborative
Answer: A
Explanation: The social model of disability views disability as a socially created problem
due to an unaccommodating physical and social environment, and thus calls for a political
response to create change.
3. Which of the following factors has a major impact on the development of chronic
illness?
A. Poverty
B. Social stability
C. Urban dwelling
D. High school diploma
Answer: A
Explanation: Poverty and socioeconomic disadvantage are recognized to have a major
impact on the development of chronic illness. The other factors listed do not have the same
significant, direct correlation.
4. Which of the following statements is true related to nonmodifiable risk factors for
chronic illness?
,A. Cannot be changed
B. Requires intervention in order to change
C. Can be altered to benefit health outcomes
D. Can be changed with patient perseverance
Answer: A
Explanation: Nonmodifiable risk factors, such as age, gender, and genetics, are inherent
characteristics that cannot be changed. The other options incorrectly suggest that these factors
can be altered.
5. Which of the following patient statements reflect an outcome expectancy statement?
A. "I am not able to exercise."
B. "Exercise helps people lose weight."
C. "Exercise is too hard on my arthritis."
D. "Dietary restrictions work better than exercise to lose weight."
Answer: B
Explanation: An outcome expectancy is the individual's belief that a specific behaviour will
lead to a certain outcome. The statement "Exercise helps people lose weight" reflects this
belief about the result of an action.
6. Which of the following types of cancers has a genetic predisposition to its occurrence?
A. Lung
B. Breast
C. Cervix
D. Testicles
Answer: B
Explanation: Genetic testing can show an inherited predisposition to several cancers,
including breast and ovarian cancer, melanoma, and colon cancer.
7. What is the most influential source of self-efficacy?
A. Mastery
B. Affective states
C. Verbal persuasion
D. Vicarious experience
Answer: A
, Explanation: Mastery, or the successful performance of a task, is considered the most
influential source of self-efficacy because it provides direct, personal evidence of one's
capabilities.
8. Which of the following is an example of multimorbidity?
A. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and a urinary tract infection
B. Lung cancer and pneumonia
C. Chronic kidney disease and appendicitis
D. Diabetes and exacerbation of rheumatoid arthritis
Answer: D
Explanation: Multimorbidity is the simultaneous occurrence of several chronic medical
conditions in the same person. The other options include acute conditions (urinary tract
infection, pneumonia, appendicitis), which do not constitute multimorbidity.
9. Which of the following characteristics is true related to chronic illness?
A. Abrupt onset
B. Usually single cause
C. Short latency period
D. Noninfectious origin
Answer: D
Explanation: Chronic illnesses are typically characterized by a noninfectious origin,
uncertain etiology, multiple risk factors, a long latency period, and a prolonged duration.
10. The nurse is caring for a patient with type 2 diabetes who has been hospitalized with
severe hyperglycemia. Which of the following topics will be most important to include
in discharge teaching?
A. Effect of endogenous insulin on transportation of glucose into cells
B. Function of the liver in formation of glycogen and gluconeogenesis
C. Impact of the patient's family history on likelihood of developing diabetes
D. Symptoms indicating that the patient should contact the health care provider
Answer: D
Explanation: A key task in chronic illness management is preventing and managing crises.
Teaching the patient to recognize symptoms of hyperglycemia and when to seek help is
essential for safe self-management at home.
