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NR 292 Exam 2 with correct answers

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NR 292 Exam 2 with correct answers

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NR 292 Exam 2 with correct answers
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Female Sex Steroid Hormones - correct answer✔✔Estrogens and progestins
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Estrogens - correct answer✔✔Estradiol, estrone, and estriol.
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Synthesized from cholesterol in the ovarian follicles. Responsible for development and
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maintenance of the female reproductive system, development of female secondary sex |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\




characteristics, and shaping of body contours and development of the skeleton. |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\




Synthetic Estrogenic Drug Examples - correct answer✔✔-Steroidal: conjugated estrogens,
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estradiol transdermal, estropipate |||\\\ |||\\\




-Nonsteroidal: diethylstilbestrol is no longer available in the US |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\




Estrogen Drug Indications - correct answer✔✔Treatment or prevention of disorders that result
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from estrogen deficiency, like atrophic vaginitis, hypogonadism, oral contraception, uterine
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bleeding, vasomotor spasms of menopause (hot flashes), osteoporosis, breast or prostate
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cancer, and ovarian failure or castration.
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Estrogen Drug Contraindications - correct answer✔✔Any estrogen-dependent cancer,
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undiagnosed abnormal vaginal bleeding, pregnancy, and active thromboembolic disorder or
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history.



Estrogen Drug Adverse Effects - correct answer✔✔-Thrombolytic events (most serious
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\




complication)

-Nausea (most common) |||\\\ |||\\\




-Hypertension

-Edema

-Thrombophlebitis

,-Vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, abd pain |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\




-May cause photosensitivity or chloasma
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\




-Amenorrhea

-Breakthrough uterine bleeding |||\\\ |||\\\




-Tender breasts |||\\\




-Headaches

-Use of estrogen therapy alone has been associated with an increased risk of endometrial
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\




hyperplasia



Progestin Drug Examples - correct answer✔✔hydroxyprogesterone (Hylutin)
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\




levonorgestrel (Plan B) |||\\\ |||\\\




medroxyprogesterone (Provera) |||\\\




megestrol (Megace) |||\\\




norethindrone acetate (Aygestin) |||\\\ |||\\\




norgestrel (Ovrette) |||\\\




progesterone (Prometrium) |||\\\




etonogestrel implant (Implanon) |||\\\ |||\\\




Progestin Drug Indications - correct answer✔✔Treatment of functional uterine bleeding
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\




caused by hormonal imbalance, fibroids, and uterine cancer.
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\




Treatment of primary and secondary amenorrhea. |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\




Adjunctive and palliative treatment of some cancers and endometriosis. |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\




Alone or in combination with estrogens to prevent conception.
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\




Prevention of threatened miscarriage. |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\




Alleviation of PMS symptoms. |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\

,megestrol (Megace) Indications - correct answer✔✔Used as adjunct therapy for treatment of
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\




breast and endometrial cancers, management of anorexia, cachexia, or unexplained weight loss
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in AIDS patients, and to stimulate appetite and promote weight gain cancer patients.
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\




Progestins Adverse Effects - correct answer✔✔Liver dysfunction (cholestatic jaundice)|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\




Thrombophlebitis

Nausea/vomiting

Amenorrhea, spotting |||\\\




Edema, weight gain or loss |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\




Contraceptive Drugs - correct answer✔✔Medications used to prevent pregnancy. |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\




Oral Medications: monophasic, biphasic, and triphasic forms. Triphasic forms most closely
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\




duplicate the normal hormone levels of the female cycle. Most contain estrogen-progestin
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\




combinations. |||\\\




Other contraceptive forms are available, long-acting injectable form of medroxyprogesterone
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\




(Depo-Provera), transdermal contraceptive patch, and intravaginal contraceptive ring. |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\




Contraceptive Drug Mechanism of Action - correct answer✔✔Prevent ovulation by inhibiting |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\




the release of gonadotropins and increase uterine mucus viscosity resulting in decreased sperm
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\




movement, decreased fertilization of the ovum, and possible inhibition of implantation of a
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\




fertilized egg. |||\\\




Contraceptive Drugs: Other Drug Effects - correct answer✔✔Improves menstrual cycle |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\




regularity, decreases blood loss during menstruation, and decreases incidence of functional
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\




ovarian cysts and ectopic pregnancy. |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\




Contraceptive Drug Indications - correct answer✔✔Primarily used to prevent pregnancy. |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\




Also used to treat endometriosis and hypermenorrhea, produce cyclic withdrawal bleeding,
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\




and pesticidal emergency contraception.
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\

, Contraceptive Drug Adverse Effects - correct answer✔✔Hypertension. |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\




Thromboembolism, possible MI, PE, CVA. |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\




Alterations in lipid and carb metabolism. |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\




Increases in serum hormone concentrations. |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\




May also cause edema, dizziness, headache, depression, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, increased
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\




appetite, increased weight, and breast changes.
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Contraceptive Drug Interactions - correct answer✔✔Drugs that decreases the effectiveness of |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\




oral contraceptives are antibiotics, barbiturates, isoniazid, and rifampin.
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\




Drugs that have reduced effect when given with oral contraceptive are beta blockers, warfarin,
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tricyclic antidepressants, vitamins, hypnotics, anticonvulsants, theophylline, and antidiabetic
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\




drugs.



Osteoporosis Drug Bisphosphonates - correct answer✔✔alendronate (Fosamax) |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\




ibandronate (Boniva) |||\\\




risedronate (Actonel) |||\\\




zoledronic acid (Reclast) |||\\\ |||\\\




Osteoporosis Drug Selective Estrogen Receptor Modifiers (SERMs) - correct |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\




answer✔✔raloxifene (Estiva) |||\\\




tamoxifen (Nolvadex) |||\\\




Osteoporosis Drug Hormones - correct answer✔✔calcitonin (Calcimar) |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\




teriparatide (Forteo) |||\\\




denosumab (Prolia) |||\\\




Osteoporosis Drug Bisphosphonate Mechanism of Action and Indications - correct |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\




answer✔✔Work by inhibiting osteoclast-mediated bone resorption, thus preventing bone loss. |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\

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