Lecture 1
Housing essence:
• an existential need
• shelter, safety, comfort, privacy, etc.
• a relational need
• place to live together and come together
• a need for self-realization
• a place to reflect a personal identify
According to the Van Dale dictionary ...
...a ‘house’ is defined as
building that serves for people as a place to live or is suitable as such
...a ‘home’ is defined as
house or part of a house in which one lives
A dwelling must meet a number of technical housing requirements:
1. the building intended for residence must be built in such a way that it is suitable for private
residence
2. the building intended for residence must have an own entrance door
3. the building intended for residence contains at least fourteen square meters of space for
living
4. the building intended for residence has a toilet and kitchen
Dwelling unit (e.g., in a student residence)
• part of a building which is permanently meant for residence
• a dwelling unit meets all criteria of a dwelling except for no own kitchen or toilet –these are
shared facilities in the building
Roles:
1.shelter: accommodation and privacy
2.use: the dwelling is a base for in-home activities
3.environment: dwelling in the neighborhood
4.location: dwelling as base for out-of-home activities
5.status: dwelling as a means of expression of a household’s identity or image
Real estate
The term real estate refers to the building including the plot on which the building is standing
the value of real-estate includes two elements
1. for the user it has use value (the needs it fulfils for the user)
2. for the owner it has investment value (the returns on investment it yields)
, Ownership:
owner = occupiers - the household has bought the house and is owner and user at the same
time
owner = landlord- the landlord is owner of the house and lets the house to a household who
uses the house
Regimes:
- profit-driven, market-oriented-their aim is to make profit and they act (make investments
and set rent prices) conform market processes
- non-profit, focused on societal objectives, mission-driven-their aim is not so much to make
profit but rather to achieve certain societal objectives-the organizations have a public
mission and act according to this mission (rather than the market)
The role of housing associations:
- In the Netherlands, they are admitted institutions under the Housing Act
o admitted means that they have the status of a public foundation
o because they are admitted by the Housing Act, we speak of ‘Admitted Institutions’
, - they are private organizations, not public organizations
- work inclusively in the interest of public housing
- in practice – public interest is taken care of by municipality and local associations –
cooperation
1. Non profit regime – associations are allowed to make profit but are not allowed to pay this
to shareholder/stakeholder – profit only used in interest of public housing – Revolving Fund
2. Surveillance regime – assoc. are monitored (internally-supervisory board/externally-
government ) to ensure appropriate task performance
Social housing in NL is high compared to EU:
The sector is very differentiated and attractive
- not only poor but also middle-income and higher-income groups live in it
- the sector is market-compliant –there is no strong separation with the commercial sector
- we speak of a unitary (not separated, movement of housing units between private rental is
allowed) rental market (as opposed to a dual rental market)
History of housing
1. Genesis: from medio 19thcentury on (Housing Act 1901)
a. Urbanization/industrialization - uncontrolled growth of cities -poor housing
conditions
b. Housing Act 1901
i. Obliges cities to plan big housing expansions
ii. Start of Housing associations – admitted institutions – but limited
power/meaning
c. Functional modernism
i. Rationality (land use and function)
ii. Strip buildings (row arrangement) – considered most efficient
d. Emergence of a rational city
i. Efficient production (new material and new methods)
ii. Strip building – standard
iii. Housing Assoc. (HA) started building lots of dwellings
2. Growth: period till 1975 (postwar reconstruction and combatting housing shortage)
a. Post war reconstruction/economic growth
i. Strong demand for housing
ii. Municipalities carried out reconstructions
b. H. Assoc.:
i. Rapid growth of their ownership – due to municipalities handing the
ownership and management of properties over to HA’s
c. Functional modernism
d. Stacked constructions – high rise building – low land use, a lot of dwellings
e. Stamps:
i. Lifecycle of people – different stage different needs
ii. Provide different typologies within the neighborhood – people move within
the neighborhood
Housing essence:
• an existential need
• shelter, safety, comfort, privacy, etc.
• a relational need
• place to live together and come together
• a need for self-realization
• a place to reflect a personal identify
According to the Van Dale dictionary ...
...a ‘house’ is defined as
building that serves for people as a place to live or is suitable as such
...a ‘home’ is defined as
house or part of a house in which one lives
A dwelling must meet a number of technical housing requirements:
1. the building intended for residence must be built in such a way that it is suitable for private
residence
2. the building intended for residence must have an own entrance door
3. the building intended for residence contains at least fourteen square meters of space for
living
4. the building intended for residence has a toilet and kitchen
Dwelling unit (e.g., in a student residence)
• part of a building which is permanently meant for residence
• a dwelling unit meets all criteria of a dwelling except for no own kitchen or toilet –these are
shared facilities in the building
Roles:
1.shelter: accommodation and privacy
2.use: the dwelling is a base for in-home activities
3.environment: dwelling in the neighborhood
4.location: dwelling as base for out-of-home activities
5.status: dwelling as a means of expression of a household’s identity or image
Real estate
The term real estate refers to the building including the plot on which the building is standing
the value of real-estate includes two elements
1. for the user it has use value (the needs it fulfils for the user)
2. for the owner it has investment value (the returns on investment it yields)
, Ownership:
owner = occupiers - the household has bought the house and is owner and user at the same
time
owner = landlord- the landlord is owner of the house and lets the house to a household who
uses the house
Regimes:
- profit-driven, market-oriented-their aim is to make profit and they act (make investments
and set rent prices) conform market processes
- non-profit, focused on societal objectives, mission-driven-their aim is not so much to make
profit but rather to achieve certain societal objectives-the organizations have a public
mission and act according to this mission (rather than the market)
The role of housing associations:
- In the Netherlands, they are admitted institutions under the Housing Act
o admitted means that they have the status of a public foundation
o because they are admitted by the Housing Act, we speak of ‘Admitted Institutions’
, - they are private organizations, not public organizations
- work inclusively in the interest of public housing
- in practice – public interest is taken care of by municipality and local associations –
cooperation
1. Non profit regime – associations are allowed to make profit but are not allowed to pay this
to shareholder/stakeholder – profit only used in interest of public housing – Revolving Fund
2. Surveillance regime – assoc. are monitored (internally-supervisory board/externally-
government ) to ensure appropriate task performance
Social housing in NL is high compared to EU:
The sector is very differentiated and attractive
- not only poor but also middle-income and higher-income groups live in it
- the sector is market-compliant –there is no strong separation with the commercial sector
- we speak of a unitary (not separated, movement of housing units between private rental is
allowed) rental market (as opposed to a dual rental market)
History of housing
1. Genesis: from medio 19thcentury on (Housing Act 1901)
a. Urbanization/industrialization - uncontrolled growth of cities -poor housing
conditions
b. Housing Act 1901
i. Obliges cities to plan big housing expansions
ii. Start of Housing associations – admitted institutions – but limited
power/meaning
c. Functional modernism
i. Rationality (land use and function)
ii. Strip buildings (row arrangement) – considered most efficient
d. Emergence of a rational city
i. Efficient production (new material and new methods)
ii. Strip building – standard
iii. Housing Assoc. (HA) started building lots of dwellings
2. Growth: period till 1975 (postwar reconstruction and combatting housing shortage)
a. Post war reconstruction/economic growth
i. Strong demand for housing
ii. Municipalities carried out reconstructions
b. H. Assoc.:
i. Rapid growth of their ownership – due to municipalities handing the
ownership and management of properties over to HA’s
c. Functional modernism
d. Stacked constructions – high rise building – low land use, a lot of dwellings
e. Stamps:
i. Lifecycle of people – different stage different needs
ii. Provide different typologies within the neighborhood – people move within
the neighborhood
