BYU CELL 220 EXAM 2 (CH 8-14) WITH QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS/EXPERT VERIFIED FOR GUARANTEED
PASS!/LATEST UPDATE
what becomes the pons, cerebellum, and superior half of the fourth ventricle? - CORRECT
ANSWERS-rhombencephalon becomes metencephalon becomes pons/cerebellum/superior 4th
ventricle
what becomes the medulla and inferior half of the fourth ventricle? - CORRECT ANSWERS-
rhombencephalon becomes myelencephalon becomes medulla/inferior 4th ventricle
describe the structure of the meninges - CORRECT ANSWERS--connective tissues surrounding
brain/spinal cord
-superficial to deep: dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
6 properties of skeletal muscle - CORRECT ANSWERS--large cylindrical shape
-multinucleate (because of large size)
-innervated at neruomuscular junctions (where nerve touches fiber)
-striated
-voluntary (you can control it)
-vascular
6 functions of skeletal muscle - CORRECT ANSWERS--movement
-posture
-temperature regulation (like shivering)
-storage and movement of materials
-support abdominal organs (no bones cover them, only muscles)
-joint stabilization
,myofibril - CORRECT ANSWERS-type of organelle, made of chains of sarcomeres
myofiber - CORRECT ANSWERS-collection of myofibrils, muscle cell
fascicle - CORRECT ANSWERS-collection of myofibers
Sarcolemma - CORRECT ANSWERS-plasma membrane of a muscle fiber / surrounds myofibrils
endomysium - CORRECT ANSWERS-wraps myofibers
perimysium - CORRECT ANSWERS-wraps fascicles
epimysium - CORRECT ANSWERS-wraps entire muscles
deep fascia - CORRECT ANSWERS-wraps muscle groups
tendon - CORRECT ANSWERS--connects muscle to muscle
-continuous with collagen fibers of -mysium's
Flat tendons are called - CORRECT ANSWERS-aponeuroses
muscle origin - CORRECT ANSWERS-less moveable attachment site of muscles
muscle insertion - CORRECT ANSWERS-more moveable attachment site of muscles
sarcomere - CORRECT ANSWERS--functional unit of the myofibril
-if the myofibril is a train, sarcomeres are the boxcars
,z discs - CORRECT ANSWERS-border of the sarcomere
actin - CORRECT ANSWERS-thin filament
myosin - CORRECT ANSWERS-thick filament, attaches to and pulls actin
sarcoplasmic reticulum - CORRECT ANSWERS--skeletal muscle version of the endoplasmic
reticulum
-stores calcium
troponin/tropomyosin - CORRECT ANSWERS-calcium binds troponin to move tropomyosin
out of the way of the myosin binding sites
motor neurons - CORRECT ANSWERS-nervous cells that stimulate the muscular system
definition excitation - CORRECT ANSWERS-nervous stimulation
action potential - CORRECT ANSWERS-electrical impulse
steps of muscle excitation - CORRECT ANSWERS--motor neuron releases nerve impulse
(action potential)
-action potential stimulates synaptic vesicle containing acetylcholine (ACh)
-ACh crosses synaptic cleft to sarcolemma and opens sodium ion channels
-t-tubules of the sarcolemma bring action potential down to terminal cisternae of the sarcoplasmic
reticulum
steps of muscle contraction - CORRECT ANSWERS--once action potential reaches
sarcoplasmic reticulum, it releases calcium
-calcium binds troponin and tropomyosin moves out of the way of myosin binding sites
-myosin binds to sites
, -thick myosin filaments pull thin actin filaments, shortening sarcomere
muscle relaxation - CORRECT ANSWERS--calcium goes back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum
-troponin and tropomyosin move back over myosin binding sites
-myosin releases, sarcomere returns to original length
rigor mortis - CORRECT ANSWERS--death is a process, so tissues continue to fail after death
-a few hours after death, ATP runs out and muscles cannot detach from actin, causing a state of continual
muscle contraction
-15-24 hours after death, the myofibrils deteriorate and muscles relax
tetanus - CORRECT ANSWERS-bacterium clostridium tetani infection results in excessive
muscle contraction
botulism - CORRECT ANSWERS--bacterium clostridium botulinum infection results in
muscular paralysis
-botox is derived from c botulinum to cause temporary paralysis to cosmetically tighten skin
4 arrangements of fascicles - CORRECT ANSWERS--parallel (rectus abdominis)
-circular (obicularis oculi)
-convergent (pectoralis major)
-pennate
3 types of pennate arrangement of fascicles - CORRECT ANSWERS--unipennate (extensor
digitorum longus)
-bipennate (rectus femoris)
-multipennate (deltoid)
6 ways to name muscles - CORRECT ANSWERS--by action
-by body region
DETAILED ANSWERS/EXPERT VERIFIED FOR GUARANTEED
PASS!/LATEST UPDATE
what becomes the pons, cerebellum, and superior half of the fourth ventricle? - CORRECT
ANSWERS-rhombencephalon becomes metencephalon becomes pons/cerebellum/superior 4th
ventricle
what becomes the medulla and inferior half of the fourth ventricle? - CORRECT ANSWERS-
rhombencephalon becomes myelencephalon becomes medulla/inferior 4th ventricle
describe the structure of the meninges - CORRECT ANSWERS--connective tissues surrounding
brain/spinal cord
-superficial to deep: dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
6 properties of skeletal muscle - CORRECT ANSWERS--large cylindrical shape
-multinucleate (because of large size)
-innervated at neruomuscular junctions (where nerve touches fiber)
-striated
-voluntary (you can control it)
-vascular
6 functions of skeletal muscle - CORRECT ANSWERS--movement
-posture
-temperature regulation (like shivering)
-storage and movement of materials
-support abdominal organs (no bones cover them, only muscles)
-joint stabilization
,myofibril - CORRECT ANSWERS-type of organelle, made of chains of sarcomeres
myofiber - CORRECT ANSWERS-collection of myofibrils, muscle cell
fascicle - CORRECT ANSWERS-collection of myofibers
Sarcolemma - CORRECT ANSWERS-plasma membrane of a muscle fiber / surrounds myofibrils
endomysium - CORRECT ANSWERS-wraps myofibers
perimysium - CORRECT ANSWERS-wraps fascicles
epimysium - CORRECT ANSWERS-wraps entire muscles
deep fascia - CORRECT ANSWERS-wraps muscle groups
tendon - CORRECT ANSWERS--connects muscle to muscle
-continuous with collagen fibers of -mysium's
Flat tendons are called - CORRECT ANSWERS-aponeuroses
muscle origin - CORRECT ANSWERS-less moveable attachment site of muscles
muscle insertion - CORRECT ANSWERS-more moveable attachment site of muscles
sarcomere - CORRECT ANSWERS--functional unit of the myofibril
-if the myofibril is a train, sarcomeres are the boxcars
,z discs - CORRECT ANSWERS-border of the sarcomere
actin - CORRECT ANSWERS-thin filament
myosin - CORRECT ANSWERS-thick filament, attaches to and pulls actin
sarcoplasmic reticulum - CORRECT ANSWERS--skeletal muscle version of the endoplasmic
reticulum
-stores calcium
troponin/tropomyosin - CORRECT ANSWERS-calcium binds troponin to move tropomyosin
out of the way of the myosin binding sites
motor neurons - CORRECT ANSWERS-nervous cells that stimulate the muscular system
definition excitation - CORRECT ANSWERS-nervous stimulation
action potential - CORRECT ANSWERS-electrical impulse
steps of muscle excitation - CORRECT ANSWERS--motor neuron releases nerve impulse
(action potential)
-action potential stimulates synaptic vesicle containing acetylcholine (ACh)
-ACh crosses synaptic cleft to sarcolemma and opens sodium ion channels
-t-tubules of the sarcolemma bring action potential down to terminal cisternae of the sarcoplasmic
reticulum
steps of muscle contraction - CORRECT ANSWERS--once action potential reaches
sarcoplasmic reticulum, it releases calcium
-calcium binds troponin and tropomyosin moves out of the way of myosin binding sites
-myosin binds to sites
, -thick myosin filaments pull thin actin filaments, shortening sarcomere
muscle relaxation - CORRECT ANSWERS--calcium goes back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum
-troponin and tropomyosin move back over myosin binding sites
-myosin releases, sarcomere returns to original length
rigor mortis - CORRECT ANSWERS--death is a process, so tissues continue to fail after death
-a few hours after death, ATP runs out and muscles cannot detach from actin, causing a state of continual
muscle contraction
-15-24 hours after death, the myofibrils deteriorate and muscles relax
tetanus - CORRECT ANSWERS-bacterium clostridium tetani infection results in excessive
muscle contraction
botulism - CORRECT ANSWERS--bacterium clostridium botulinum infection results in
muscular paralysis
-botox is derived from c botulinum to cause temporary paralysis to cosmetically tighten skin
4 arrangements of fascicles - CORRECT ANSWERS--parallel (rectus abdominis)
-circular (obicularis oculi)
-convergent (pectoralis major)
-pennate
3 types of pennate arrangement of fascicles - CORRECT ANSWERS--unipennate (extensor
digitorum longus)
-bipennate (rectus femoris)
-multipennate (deltoid)
6 ways to name muscles - CORRECT ANSWERS--by action
-by body region
