Notes / Glossary
Concepts
Globalization
(Block 1A)
Made by Janneke Doff
, Lectures Globalization
Notes:
Week 1 - 9000 BP (before present)
Globalisation is a much-debated phenomenon. Definition? Stearns explanation on
page 2. It started with trading in the beginning, or is it?
Long-term developments and semi-permanent structures: economic growth, social
inequality, demographic development, technological transitions,
ecological/environmental change
Mental change and ecological change effected human society.
The Neolithic Revolution
o Why was there a transition from societies of hunter and gatherers to an agrarian
society?
o What were its consequences? It changes society dramatically
o First humans: Homo Sapiens (200000 years bp), Neanderthal and Denisova
homininae (140000 – 40 000 bp), Homo sapiens sapiens left Eastern Africa (60000
years bp) first form of migration (took generations) because of the many travels it
made us smarter.
o Why did HSS (Homo sapiens sapiens) survive? Tools? Group organisation?
Culture? It is not sure why they survived.
o From hunters and gatherers to pastoralists and agriculturalists (c. 30000 – 8000
bp). This happened in different places around the globe.
o More complex societies, almost everywhere (c. 9000 – 3000 bp)
o More sedentary groups, in bigger groups then before. More farming and Herding
o It found place in 7 different places: the Fertile Crescent (9000 bp), Andes, China
(8000 bp), Mexico (6000 bp), Sub-Sahara Africa, North America (?), South-East
Asia (?)
o As a farmer you cannot leave your place and protect your fields and animals.
o Why did people start farmers? Probably because of the disappearance of large
animals, because of climate change at the end of the Ice Age (11 000 bp). Increase
domesticable animals edible plants because of the climate change. Humans got to
know nutritious grains and we needed more of that, but we needed to grow them
our self’s.
o Social conditions: because of the food we got bigger groups that needed more food
etc. Because of the bigger groups more complex social structures, division of
labour (internal dynamics).
o External dynamics: migrants looking for fertile land can spread their knowledge
o Power of pots, we could store food for the winter and you need store extra grain to
create more grain in the next sowing season. This let to specialisation because not
everyone needed to be a farmer. Priest to care of the grain and that led to the first
temples.
o Western Europe: slow migration along the major rivers
o Polynesia (good example how farming spread): migration between 1000 bce –
1500 ce.
o Sometimes because of migration people came on island where there was enough
food for the group the forgot how to farm. But most times when they reached an
island the taught agriculture there.
1
, o Fertile crescent Mesopotamia (very important region): since 3500 bce wheels +
wagons + chariots = fast soldiers, clay tablets (on them list of storage,
administration and later more complex text on them for laws for example)
o Mediterranean: Greeks and Phoenicians clash & integrate (c. 1000 – 200 bce).
Because of boats and wagons grain could be easier transported and because of
good transport cities also started to grow.
o Roman Empire: agrarian empire in the West: integration vs specialization, dense
population in core areas, large farms, slavery and transport surplus by boat
High productivity was very important for the empire, trade routes became very
important so that the products can be fast transported between the provinces of
the empire.
Shang & Zhou China (3600 – 246 bce): Agrarian Empire in the East (based on peasant
communities for making food for the higher people in society), kings and court
travelled from palace to place to consume, irrigation and cooperation in peasant
communities, high quality bronze, Chariots, attempt to integrate China
So we see the same happening here as with the Roman Empire, integration and
specialization.
Another important empire Qin Dynasty (221 - 206 bce):
Unification Emperor Qin
Bureaucratic system
Standardisation of units, coins and writing
Specialisation vs integration
Large farms / latifundia with slavery
Han Dynasty (206 BCE – 220 CE)
Confucianism
High officers (Mandarins)
Iron, paper and compass where new innovations
Important difference is that the Roman Empire is sea based and China is not, that is
why China has a bigger transport costs because most things had to be transported
overland.
Week 2: 1492 – Expansion in the Eurasian Network
Today we will talk about the fall of the Agrarian Empires, China’s quick recovery,
(parts of the) European economic growth (since 1000) and Malthus world
China had the Junk ship was very large and was part of a fleet of big ships. Compared
to European ships, they were very big.
This mediterranean world:
Cities interconnected, water based trade routes
Cities centres of power, religion, culture
New ideas and technology
Made possible by agrarian production in the countryside
The Han Dynasty was a group of powerful families who held the power if they did not
support the emperor he would lose power.
Cities as administrative centres
Agricultural surplus traded over land or through waterways (yellow River and
Yangtze River from east to west. Grand canal from north to south to create
more connection for better integration with the whole empire)
Collapse of Empires (around the common era):
2
Concepts
Globalization
(Block 1A)
Made by Janneke Doff
, Lectures Globalization
Notes:
Week 1 - 9000 BP (before present)
Globalisation is a much-debated phenomenon. Definition? Stearns explanation on
page 2. It started with trading in the beginning, or is it?
Long-term developments and semi-permanent structures: economic growth, social
inequality, demographic development, technological transitions,
ecological/environmental change
Mental change and ecological change effected human society.
The Neolithic Revolution
o Why was there a transition from societies of hunter and gatherers to an agrarian
society?
o What were its consequences? It changes society dramatically
o First humans: Homo Sapiens (200000 years bp), Neanderthal and Denisova
homininae (140000 – 40 000 bp), Homo sapiens sapiens left Eastern Africa (60000
years bp) first form of migration (took generations) because of the many travels it
made us smarter.
o Why did HSS (Homo sapiens sapiens) survive? Tools? Group organisation?
Culture? It is not sure why they survived.
o From hunters and gatherers to pastoralists and agriculturalists (c. 30000 – 8000
bp). This happened in different places around the globe.
o More complex societies, almost everywhere (c. 9000 – 3000 bp)
o More sedentary groups, in bigger groups then before. More farming and Herding
o It found place in 7 different places: the Fertile Crescent (9000 bp), Andes, China
(8000 bp), Mexico (6000 bp), Sub-Sahara Africa, North America (?), South-East
Asia (?)
o As a farmer you cannot leave your place and protect your fields and animals.
o Why did people start farmers? Probably because of the disappearance of large
animals, because of climate change at the end of the Ice Age (11 000 bp). Increase
domesticable animals edible plants because of the climate change. Humans got to
know nutritious grains and we needed more of that, but we needed to grow them
our self’s.
o Social conditions: because of the food we got bigger groups that needed more food
etc. Because of the bigger groups more complex social structures, division of
labour (internal dynamics).
o External dynamics: migrants looking for fertile land can spread their knowledge
o Power of pots, we could store food for the winter and you need store extra grain to
create more grain in the next sowing season. This let to specialisation because not
everyone needed to be a farmer. Priest to care of the grain and that led to the first
temples.
o Western Europe: slow migration along the major rivers
o Polynesia (good example how farming spread): migration between 1000 bce –
1500 ce.
o Sometimes because of migration people came on island where there was enough
food for the group the forgot how to farm. But most times when they reached an
island the taught agriculture there.
1
, o Fertile crescent Mesopotamia (very important region): since 3500 bce wheels +
wagons + chariots = fast soldiers, clay tablets (on them list of storage,
administration and later more complex text on them for laws for example)
o Mediterranean: Greeks and Phoenicians clash & integrate (c. 1000 – 200 bce).
Because of boats and wagons grain could be easier transported and because of
good transport cities also started to grow.
o Roman Empire: agrarian empire in the West: integration vs specialization, dense
population in core areas, large farms, slavery and transport surplus by boat
High productivity was very important for the empire, trade routes became very
important so that the products can be fast transported between the provinces of
the empire.
Shang & Zhou China (3600 – 246 bce): Agrarian Empire in the East (based on peasant
communities for making food for the higher people in society), kings and court
travelled from palace to place to consume, irrigation and cooperation in peasant
communities, high quality bronze, Chariots, attempt to integrate China
So we see the same happening here as with the Roman Empire, integration and
specialization.
Another important empire Qin Dynasty (221 - 206 bce):
Unification Emperor Qin
Bureaucratic system
Standardisation of units, coins and writing
Specialisation vs integration
Large farms / latifundia with slavery
Han Dynasty (206 BCE – 220 CE)
Confucianism
High officers (Mandarins)
Iron, paper and compass where new innovations
Important difference is that the Roman Empire is sea based and China is not, that is
why China has a bigger transport costs because most things had to be transported
overland.
Week 2: 1492 – Expansion in the Eurasian Network
Today we will talk about the fall of the Agrarian Empires, China’s quick recovery,
(parts of the) European economic growth (since 1000) and Malthus world
China had the Junk ship was very large and was part of a fleet of big ships. Compared
to European ships, they were very big.
This mediterranean world:
Cities interconnected, water based trade routes
Cities centres of power, religion, culture
New ideas and technology
Made possible by agrarian production in the countryside
The Han Dynasty was a group of powerful families who held the power if they did not
support the emperor he would lose power.
Cities as administrative centres
Agricultural surplus traded over land or through waterways (yellow River and
Yangtze River from east to west. Grand canal from north to south to create
more connection for better integration with the whole empire)
Collapse of Empires (around the common era):
2
