Laboratory Values:
Sodium 136-145 mEq/L
Potassium 3.5-5.0 mEq/L
Total Calcium 9.0-10.5 mg/dL
Magnesium 1.3-2.1 mg/dL
Phosphorus 3.0 –4.5 mg/dL
BUN 10-20 mg/dL
Creatinine 0.6 – 1.2mg/dL males, 0.5 – 1.1 mg/dL females
Glucose 70 -105 mg/dL
HgbA1c <6.5%
WBC 5,000-10,000/mm3
RBC Men 4.7-6.1 million/mm3, Women 4.2-5.4 million/mm3
Hemoglobin Men 14-18g/100 mL, Women 12-16 g/100 mL
Hematocrit Men 42-52%,Women 37-47%
Platelet 150,000-400,000/mm3
pH 7.35-7.45
pC02 35 to45 mm Hg
p02 80-100 mmHg
HCO3 21-26mmol/L
Normal PT = 11-12.5 sec, Normal INR = 0.7-1.8 (Therapeutic INR 2-3)
Normal PTT = 30-40 sec (Therapeutic PTT 1.5 – 2 x normal or control values)
Digoxin 0.5 to 2.0ng/mL
Lithium 0.8 to 1.4 mEq/L
Dilantin 10-20 mcg/mL
Theophylline 10 to 20mcg/mL
1
,Latex Allergies:
Note that clients allergic to bananas, apricots, cherries, grapes, kiwis, passion fruit,
avocados, chestnuts, tomatoes, and/or peaches may experience latex allergies as well.
Order of assessment:
I-inspection
P-palpation
P-percussion
A-auscultation
Except with abdomen it is IAPP-inspect, auscultate, percuss and palpate.
Cane walking:
C-cane
O-opposite
A-affected
L-leg
Crutch walking:
Remember the phase “step up” when picturing a person going up stairs with crutches.
The good leg goes up first followed by the crutches and the bad leg. The opposite
happens going down the stairs….OR “up to heaven…down to hell”
Delegation:
RNs DO NOT delegate what they can EAT - evaluate, assess, teach
Helpful tool to remember Isolation Precautions:
AIRBORNE: "My Chicken Hez TB"
-Measles
-Chicken pox
-Herpes zoster
-TB
Management: neg. pressure room, private room, mask, n-95 for TB.
2
,DROPLET: "SPIDERMAn"
-Sepsis
-Scarlet Fever
-Strep
-Pertussis
-Pneumonia
-Parvovirus
-Influenza
-Diphtheria
-Epiglottitis
-Rubella
-Mumps
-Adenovirus
Management: Private room/mask
CONTACT: "MRS WEE"
-MRSA
-VRSA
-RSV
-Skin infections (herpes zoster, cutaneous diphtheria, impetigo, pediculosis, scabies,
and staphylococcus)
-Wound infections
-Enteric infections (Clostridium difficile)
-Eye infections (conjunctivitis)
Management: gown, gloves, goggles, private room
3
, Med-Surg Tips:
Angina Precipitating Factors: 4 E’s
Exertion: physical activity and exercise
Eating
Emotional distress
Extreme temperatures: hot or cold weather
Arterial Occlusion: 4 P’s
Pain
Pulselessness or absent pulse
Pallor
Paresthesia
Congestive Heart Failure Treatment: MADD DOG
Morphine
Aminophylline
Digoxin
Dopamine
Diuretics
Oxygen
Gasses: Monitor arterial blood gasses
Heart Murmur Causes: SPASM
Stenosis of a valve
Partial obstruction
Aneurysms
Septal defect
Mitral regurgitation
Heart Sounds: All People Enjoy the Movies
Aortic: 2nd right intercostal space
Pulmonic: 2nd left intercostal space
Erb’s Point: 3rd left intercostal space
Tricuspid: 4th left intercostal space
Mitral or Apex: 5th left intercostal space
4
Sodium 136-145 mEq/L
Potassium 3.5-5.0 mEq/L
Total Calcium 9.0-10.5 mg/dL
Magnesium 1.3-2.1 mg/dL
Phosphorus 3.0 –4.5 mg/dL
BUN 10-20 mg/dL
Creatinine 0.6 – 1.2mg/dL males, 0.5 – 1.1 mg/dL females
Glucose 70 -105 mg/dL
HgbA1c <6.5%
WBC 5,000-10,000/mm3
RBC Men 4.7-6.1 million/mm3, Women 4.2-5.4 million/mm3
Hemoglobin Men 14-18g/100 mL, Women 12-16 g/100 mL
Hematocrit Men 42-52%,Women 37-47%
Platelet 150,000-400,000/mm3
pH 7.35-7.45
pC02 35 to45 mm Hg
p02 80-100 mmHg
HCO3 21-26mmol/L
Normal PT = 11-12.5 sec, Normal INR = 0.7-1.8 (Therapeutic INR 2-3)
Normal PTT = 30-40 sec (Therapeutic PTT 1.5 – 2 x normal or control values)
Digoxin 0.5 to 2.0ng/mL
Lithium 0.8 to 1.4 mEq/L
Dilantin 10-20 mcg/mL
Theophylline 10 to 20mcg/mL
1
,Latex Allergies:
Note that clients allergic to bananas, apricots, cherries, grapes, kiwis, passion fruit,
avocados, chestnuts, tomatoes, and/or peaches may experience latex allergies as well.
Order of assessment:
I-inspection
P-palpation
P-percussion
A-auscultation
Except with abdomen it is IAPP-inspect, auscultate, percuss and palpate.
Cane walking:
C-cane
O-opposite
A-affected
L-leg
Crutch walking:
Remember the phase “step up” when picturing a person going up stairs with crutches.
The good leg goes up first followed by the crutches and the bad leg. The opposite
happens going down the stairs….OR “up to heaven…down to hell”
Delegation:
RNs DO NOT delegate what they can EAT - evaluate, assess, teach
Helpful tool to remember Isolation Precautions:
AIRBORNE: "My Chicken Hez TB"
-Measles
-Chicken pox
-Herpes zoster
-TB
Management: neg. pressure room, private room, mask, n-95 for TB.
2
,DROPLET: "SPIDERMAn"
-Sepsis
-Scarlet Fever
-Strep
-Pertussis
-Pneumonia
-Parvovirus
-Influenza
-Diphtheria
-Epiglottitis
-Rubella
-Mumps
-Adenovirus
Management: Private room/mask
CONTACT: "MRS WEE"
-MRSA
-VRSA
-RSV
-Skin infections (herpes zoster, cutaneous diphtheria, impetigo, pediculosis, scabies,
and staphylococcus)
-Wound infections
-Enteric infections (Clostridium difficile)
-Eye infections (conjunctivitis)
Management: gown, gloves, goggles, private room
3
, Med-Surg Tips:
Angina Precipitating Factors: 4 E’s
Exertion: physical activity and exercise
Eating
Emotional distress
Extreme temperatures: hot or cold weather
Arterial Occlusion: 4 P’s
Pain
Pulselessness or absent pulse
Pallor
Paresthesia
Congestive Heart Failure Treatment: MADD DOG
Morphine
Aminophylline
Digoxin
Dopamine
Diuretics
Oxygen
Gasses: Monitor arterial blood gasses
Heart Murmur Causes: SPASM
Stenosis of a valve
Partial obstruction
Aneurysms
Septal defect
Mitral regurgitation
Heart Sounds: All People Enjoy the Movies
Aortic: 2nd right intercostal space
Pulmonic: 2nd left intercostal space
Erb’s Point: 3rd left intercostal space
Tricuspid: 4th left intercostal space
Mitral or Apex: 5th left intercostal space
4
