NURS 615: ADVANCED
PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICS Maryville
university exam 4 Questions With100%
Correct Answers Scored A+
What is Tiotropium (SPIRIVA) used to treat? - SOLVED ANSWER-Used in the
management/ maintenance treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
which includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
What is the drug classification of Tiotropium? - SOLVED ANSWER->It is a long-acting,
24H anticholinergic-bronchodilator.
>It is a muscurinic receptor antagonist, often referred to as an antimuscurinic or
anticholinergic agent.
What is the mechanism of action of Potassium-sparing diuretics ? - SOLVED ANSWER-
They are competitive antagonists that either compete with aldosterone for intracellular
cytoplasmic receptor sites, or directly block sodium channels (specifically epithelial
sodium channels (ENaC) by amiloride). [Epithelial sodium channel blockers: is a sodium
channel blocker that is selective for the epithelial sodium channel.] The former prevents
the production of proteins that are normally synthesized in reaction to aldosterone
(example is Spironolactone). These mediator proteins are not produced, and so
stimulation of sodium-potassium exchange sites in the collection tubule does not occur.
This prevents sodium re-absorption and potassium and hydrogen ion secretion.
What is the mechanism of action of Calcium sparing diuretic? - SOLVED ANSWER-It
reduces the amount of calcium excreted into the urine and can increase the serum
calcium levels, which may be beneficial in patients with hypocalcemia. Loop diuretics
promote calcium excretion whereas thiazide diuretics do not.
What is the mechanism of action of Osmotic diuretics?
, (mannitol and isosorbide) - SOLVED ANSWER-An osmotic diuretic is a type of diuretic
that inhibits reabsorption of water and sodium (Na). They are pharmacologically inert
substances that are given intravenously. They increase the osmolarity of blood and
renal filtrate. In the nephron, osmotic diuretics act at the portions of the nephron that are
water-permeable. Osmotic diuretics works by expanding extracellular fluid and plasma
volume, therefore increasing blood flow to the kidney. This washes out the cortical
medullary gradient in the kidney. This stops the loop of Henle from concentrating urine,
which usually uses the high osmotic and solute gradient to transport solutes and water
What is the mechanism of action of Tiotropium (SPIRIVA) - SOLVED ANSWER-It does
not display selectivity for specific muscarinic receptors, when topically applied it acts
mainly on M3 muscarinic receptors[8] located on smooth muscle cells and submucosal
glands. This leads to a reduction in smooth muscle contraction and mucus secretion
and thus produces a bronchodilatory effect.
What are the adverse effects with montelukast (Singular) - SOLVED ANSWER-Anxiety,
aggression, depression, suicidal thoughts,
What patient teaching should accompany the prescription of montelukast (Singulair)? -
SOLVED ANSWER-Teach pt regarding adverse effect about aggression , depression
suicidal thoughts that could occur
What patient teaching should be provided when prescribing inhaled corticosteroids? -
SOLVED ANSWER-They should be taken 2x a day every day for the use of prevention
of asthma.
Rinse mouth after use to prevent oral thrush.
What ethnic background should not be prescribed long-acting beta agonists? - SOLVED
ANSWER-African Americans, increased incidence of death in this population
What medication would you prescribe for bronchospasm for a patient taking
propranolol? - SOLVED ANSWER-Ipratropium
PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICS Maryville
university exam 4 Questions With100%
Correct Answers Scored A+
What is Tiotropium (SPIRIVA) used to treat? - SOLVED ANSWER-Used in the
management/ maintenance treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
which includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
What is the drug classification of Tiotropium? - SOLVED ANSWER->It is a long-acting,
24H anticholinergic-bronchodilator.
>It is a muscurinic receptor antagonist, often referred to as an antimuscurinic or
anticholinergic agent.
What is the mechanism of action of Potassium-sparing diuretics ? - SOLVED ANSWER-
They are competitive antagonists that either compete with aldosterone for intracellular
cytoplasmic receptor sites, or directly block sodium channels (specifically epithelial
sodium channels (ENaC) by amiloride). [Epithelial sodium channel blockers: is a sodium
channel blocker that is selective for the epithelial sodium channel.] The former prevents
the production of proteins that are normally synthesized in reaction to aldosterone
(example is Spironolactone). These mediator proteins are not produced, and so
stimulation of sodium-potassium exchange sites in the collection tubule does not occur.
This prevents sodium re-absorption and potassium and hydrogen ion secretion.
What is the mechanism of action of Calcium sparing diuretic? - SOLVED ANSWER-It
reduces the amount of calcium excreted into the urine and can increase the serum
calcium levels, which may be beneficial in patients with hypocalcemia. Loop diuretics
promote calcium excretion whereas thiazide diuretics do not.
What is the mechanism of action of Osmotic diuretics?
, (mannitol and isosorbide) - SOLVED ANSWER-An osmotic diuretic is a type of diuretic
that inhibits reabsorption of water and sodium (Na). They are pharmacologically inert
substances that are given intravenously. They increase the osmolarity of blood and
renal filtrate. In the nephron, osmotic diuretics act at the portions of the nephron that are
water-permeable. Osmotic diuretics works by expanding extracellular fluid and plasma
volume, therefore increasing blood flow to the kidney. This washes out the cortical
medullary gradient in the kidney. This stops the loop of Henle from concentrating urine,
which usually uses the high osmotic and solute gradient to transport solutes and water
What is the mechanism of action of Tiotropium (SPIRIVA) - SOLVED ANSWER-It does
not display selectivity for specific muscarinic receptors, when topically applied it acts
mainly on M3 muscarinic receptors[8] located on smooth muscle cells and submucosal
glands. This leads to a reduction in smooth muscle contraction and mucus secretion
and thus produces a bronchodilatory effect.
What are the adverse effects with montelukast (Singular) - SOLVED ANSWER-Anxiety,
aggression, depression, suicidal thoughts,
What patient teaching should accompany the prescription of montelukast (Singulair)? -
SOLVED ANSWER-Teach pt regarding adverse effect about aggression , depression
suicidal thoughts that could occur
What patient teaching should be provided when prescribing inhaled corticosteroids? -
SOLVED ANSWER-They should be taken 2x a day every day for the use of prevention
of asthma.
Rinse mouth after use to prevent oral thrush.
What ethnic background should not be prescribed long-acting beta agonists? - SOLVED
ANSWER-African Americans, increased incidence of death in this population
What medication would you prescribe for bronchospasm for a patient taking
propranolol? - SOLVED ANSWER-Ipratropium
