Women's Health Exam III – Menopause
Questions and Answers
1. a natural decline in reproductive hormones
2. 40s - 50s
3. marked by the end of menses.
4. (below)
- variation in cycle length
- and ending with the final menstrual period
- (FMP is when 12 months of amenorrhea have passed after last menstrual period) -
ANS-1. Menopause is described as a ______________
2. This happens when a woman reaches what ages?
3. What is menopause marked by?
4. Menopause is a time of menstrual and endocrine changes beginning ___________
1. a retrospective diagnosis
2. 12 months without any uterine bleeding
3. 40 - 58 years old, average age 51 years - ANS-1. what kind of diagnosis is
menopause?
2. how do you know if someone has gone through menopause?
3. what is the average age of menopause?
- *symptomatic years of menopausal transition*
- time of endocrine and menstrual changes that start occurring for women in the years
before the final menstrual period
- encompassing the time from early menopausal transition to 12 months after final
menstrual period, - ANS-What is periomenopause?
1. During this time, estrogen levels fluctuate, which can cause heavy, irregular periods
and cramping.
2. 5 years - ANS-1. During perimenopause, what happens to estrogen levels?
2. How long does perimenopause last usually?
- Number of follicles are rapidly diminishing
- with less follicles, the ovary is producing less of all the sex steroids (E, P, A)
- and so they are not there to give negative feedback to the HPO axis. - ANS-1. what
happens to the number of follicles?
1. high peaking of FSH
- With less follicles, the ovary is producing less off all the sex steroids (E,P,A)
- and so they are not there to give negative feedback to the HPO axis
, - In response the pituitary puts out more and FSH and LH - ANS-1. The ovaries before
more resistant to FSH stimulation ___________
1. Although the hormones LH and FSH (especially FSH) are trending upward in
menopause
2. the actual levels hour to hour can be very erratic and that is why hormone testing for
menopause is considered to be very unreliable. - ANS-1. Can we use hormone levels to
diagnose menopause?
2. what are the hours to hour changes like?
1. FSH tends to be very high and stay forever at that peak level.
+ In the years leading up to transition, hormone levels are erratic.
2. Professional guidelines do not recommend testing hormones level to diagnosis
menopause (estrogen, FSH). - ANS-1. Once someone has gone fully through
menopause (a year with no menses) what happens to FSH?
2. So do guidelines suggest that FSH levels are tested for menopause?
1. Yes, just because you are not ovulating at a regular schedule does not m ean that
you are not still ovulating.
2. Many patients have BTL, do not need BC. - ANS-1. Should someone use
contraception during periomenopause?
2. What if the person has a bilateral tubal ligation?
1. started on birth control
2. Constant source of progestin is protective against endometrial cancer.
3. For concerns surrounding masked postmenopausal bleeding while a patient is on BC,
remember that Mirena (constant progestin) will be protective against endometrial
cancer. - ANS-1. It is difficult to determine if menopause if __________
2. a constant source of progestin does what to the body?
3. what do you do about concerns about masked postmenopausal bleeding?
4. __________ as an external source is protective against endometrial cancer.
- guidelines for predicting when the onset of menopause may be.
-5 -4 - 3 = reproductive stage
-2 -1 0 =(menopausal transition also perimenopasual)
0 +1 +2 = (postmenopausal)
Reproductive
-5 = early, -4 = peak -3 = late.
+ normal FSH
Menopausal transition -2 = early - 1 late
Questions and Answers
1. a natural decline in reproductive hormones
2. 40s - 50s
3. marked by the end of menses.
4. (below)
- variation in cycle length
- and ending with the final menstrual period
- (FMP is when 12 months of amenorrhea have passed after last menstrual period) -
ANS-1. Menopause is described as a ______________
2. This happens when a woman reaches what ages?
3. What is menopause marked by?
4. Menopause is a time of menstrual and endocrine changes beginning ___________
1. a retrospective diagnosis
2. 12 months without any uterine bleeding
3. 40 - 58 years old, average age 51 years - ANS-1. what kind of diagnosis is
menopause?
2. how do you know if someone has gone through menopause?
3. what is the average age of menopause?
- *symptomatic years of menopausal transition*
- time of endocrine and menstrual changes that start occurring for women in the years
before the final menstrual period
- encompassing the time from early menopausal transition to 12 months after final
menstrual period, - ANS-What is periomenopause?
1. During this time, estrogen levels fluctuate, which can cause heavy, irregular periods
and cramping.
2. 5 years - ANS-1. During perimenopause, what happens to estrogen levels?
2. How long does perimenopause last usually?
- Number of follicles are rapidly diminishing
- with less follicles, the ovary is producing less of all the sex steroids (E, P, A)
- and so they are not there to give negative feedback to the HPO axis. - ANS-1. what
happens to the number of follicles?
1. high peaking of FSH
- With less follicles, the ovary is producing less off all the sex steroids (E,P,A)
- and so they are not there to give negative feedback to the HPO axis
, - In response the pituitary puts out more and FSH and LH - ANS-1. The ovaries before
more resistant to FSH stimulation ___________
1. Although the hormones LH and FSH (especially FSH) are trending upward in
menopause
2. the actual levels hour to hour can be very erratic and that is why hormone testing for
menopause is considered to be very unreliable. - ANS-1. Can we use hormone levels to
diagnose menopause?
2. what are the hours to hour changes like?
1. FSH tends to be very high and stay forever at that peak level.
+ In the years leading up to transition, hormone levels are erratic.
2. Professional guidelines do not recommend testing hormones level to diagnosis
menopause (estrogen, FSH). - ANS-1. Once someone has gone fully through
menopause (a year with no menses) what happens to FSH?
2. So do guidelines suggest that FSH levels are tested for menopause?
1. Yes, just because you are not ovulating at a regular schedule does not m ean that
you are not still ovulating.
2. Many patients have BTL, do not need BC. - ANS-1. Should someone use
contraception during periomenopause?
2. What if the person has a bilateral tubal ligation?
1. started on birth control
2. Constant source of progestin is protective against endometrial cancer.
3. For concerns surrounding masked postmenopausal bleeding while a patient is on BC,
remember that Mirena (constant progestin) will be protective against endometrial
cancer. - ANS-1. It is difficult to determine if menopause if __________
2. a constant source of progestin does what to the body?
3. what do you do about concerns about masked postmenopausal bleeding?
4. __________ as an external source is protective against endometrial cancer.
- guidelines for predicting when the onset of menopause may be.
-5 -4 - 3 = reproductive stage
-2 -1 0 =(menopausal transition also perimenopasual)
0 +1 +2 = (postmenopausal)
Reproductive
-5 = early, -4 = peak -3 = late.
+ normal FSH
Menopausal transition -2 = early - 1 late
