NR228
NR228 Nutrition, Health, and Wellness
Exam 1 Study Guide Questions and
Answers Graded A+ 2025
Label meaning of serving size
The amount of a product that is most commonly consumed
Monosaccharides
glucose, fructose, galactose
-Have one sugar molecule
--Most fruits, vegetables and honey
Disaccharides
sucrose, lactose, maltose
-Have 2 sugar molecules
--Sugar and milk
Polysaccharides
Have many sugar molecules
--Rice, potatoes, corn, and wheat
Function of carbohydrates
Provide energy
-Liver is important organ
-Brain and CNS crave carbs as fuel but can not store them
-Protein sparing effect if carbs is sufficient for energy needs, protein wont be
sacrificed to supply energy
-Dietary fiber not fat
-Naturally occurring sweeteners (sucrose and fructose)
Sugar alcohols
sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol
NR228
,NR228
When reading a food label, how can you know what ingredients make up most of
the product?
The first three ingredients listed will have the highest percentage
PKU patients should not have what type of sugar? Why?
Aspartame or anything containing aspartame
-Because their bodies cannot break down excess phenylalanine, resulting in a
buildup that causes medical problems
Glycemic Index
Ranking of foods according to how it raises blood glucose levels compared with a
reference food
Glycemic load
the amount of carbohydrate in a food multiplied by the glycemic index of the
carbohydrate
Fiber
A tough complex carbohydrate that the body cannot digest
What are the functions of water?
Provides shape and rigidity to cells
Helps regulate body temp
Acts as a lubricant
Cushions body tissue
Transports nutrients and waste products
Acts as a solvent
Provides a source of trace minerals
Participates in chemical reactions
Minerals for blood health include
Iron, Zinc, Copper
Minerals for bone health
Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, and Fluoride
NR228
, NR228
What are the food trends we are experiencing in this country
Alot more eating out so more sodium, fat and calories
Simple carbs
Simple carbs vs complex carbs
Simple includes monosaccharides and disaccharides
Complex includes polysaccharides excluding glycogen
digestive problems through the life span
Infants- immature GI tract may allow proteins to be absorbed without complete
digestion, can result in allergic responses
Lactose Intolerant- may occur once primary growth need for nutrients contained
in milk is met OR could occur in adulthood
--older adults may experience it when secretion of enzymes decreases
Mid adults- gallbladder disease and peptic ulcers
Older adults- constipation and diverticulosis
Minerals for energy and metabolism
Iodine, Chromium, Phosphorus, Sulfur, Iron and Zinc
True or false: Minerals are stable when cooked
TRUE
Nephrotic syndrome
Glomerular membrane becomes permeable to proteins. Leaking into the urine, and
lacking in the blood
S/S-
Chronic kidney disease
Large amounts of dilute urine In early stages, followed by oliguria and finally
anuria as disease progresses
-Nitrogen retention of Urea producing Axotemia
NR228
NR228 Nutrition, Health, and Wellness
Exam 1 Study Guide Questions and
Answers Graded A+ 2025
Label meaning of serving size
The amount of a product that is most commonly consumed
Monosaccharides
glucose, fructose, galactose
-Have one sugar molecule
--Most fruits, vegetables and honey
Disaccharides
sucrose, lactose, maltose
-Have 2 sugar molecules
--Sugar and milk
Polysaccharides
Have many sugar molecules
--Rice, potatoes, corn, and wheat
Function of carbohydrates
Provide energy
-Liver is important organ
-Brain and CNS crave carbs as fuel but can not store them
-Protein sparing effect if carbs is sufficient for energy needs, protein wont be
sacrificed to supply energy
-Dietary fiber not fat
-Naturally occurring sweeteners (sucrose and fructose)
Sugar alcohols
sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol
NR228
,NR228
When reading a food label, how can you know what ingredients make up most of
the product?
The first three ingredients listed will have the highest percentage
PKU patients should not have what type of sugar? Why?
Aspartame or anything containing aspartame
-Because their bodies cannot break down excess phenylalanine, resulting in a
buildup that causes medical problems
Glycemic Index
Ranking of foods according to how it raises blood glucose levels compared with a
reference food
Glycemic load
the amount of carbohydrate in a food multiplied by the glycemic index of the
carbohydrate
Fiber
A tough complex carbohydrate that the body cannot digest
What are the functions of water?
Provides shape and rigidity to cells
Helps regulate body temp
Acts as a lubricant
Cushions body tissue
Transports nutrients and waste products
Acts as a solvent
Provides a source of trace minerals
Participates in chemical reactions
Minerals for blood health include
Iron, Zinc, Copper
Minerals for bone health
Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, and Fluoride
NR228
, NR228
What are the food trends we are experiencing in this country
Alot more eating out so more sodium, fat and calories
Simple carbs
Simple carbs vs complex carbs
Simple includes monosaccharides and disaccharides
Complex includes polysaccharides excluding glycogen
digestive problems through the life span
Infants- immature GI tract may allow proteins to be absorbed without complete
digestion, can result in allergic responses
Lactose Intolerant- may occur once primary growth need for nutrients contained
in milk is met OR could occur in adulthood
--older adults may experience it when secretion of enzymes decreases
Mid adults- gallbladder disease and peptic ulcers
Older adults- constipation and diverticulosis
Minerals for energy and metabolism
Iodine, Chromium, Phosphorus, Sulfur, Iron and Zinc
True or false: Minerals are stable when cooked
TRUE
Nephrotic syndrome
Glomerular membrane becomes permeable to proteins. Leaking into the urine, and
lacking in the blood
S/S-
Chronic kidney disease
Large amounts of dilute urine In early stages, followed by oliguria and finally
anuria as disease progresses
-Nitrogen retention of Urea producing Axotemia
NR228
