NEVADA STATE INDUSTRIAL & INSTITUTIONAL CONTROL OF
INSECTS & VERTEBRATES C2 NEWEST ACTUAL 2025/2026
EXAM WITH COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
VERIFIED/GRADED A+/| 100% PASS
Crustaceans - -----Answers---Example: (crayfish, shrimp,
sow bugs, pill bugs)
Five to seven pairs of legs
Two body regions (cephalothorax & abdomen)
Two pairs of antennae
Arachnids - -----Answers---Example: (spiders, ticks, mites,
scorpions)
Four pairs of legs
Two body regions (cephalothorax, abdomen)
No antennae
Diplopods - -----Answers---Example: (millipedes)
Elongate, usually rounded bodies
Many body segments (typically around 50)
Two pairs of legs on most body segments
Chilopods - -----Answers---Example: (centipedes)
Elongate, flattened bodies
Fourteen to twenty body segments
1|Page
,One pair of legs per body segment
Insect Growth - -----Answers---Development for most
insects: Egg by sexual reproduction between Male & Female.
Ants, bees, & aphids can produce eggs without sexual
reproduction known as Asexual reproduction. Eggs can be
fertilized without male sperm. Aphids asexually produced eggs
can hatch inside. Eggs are laid externally by females. Insects
grow through instars, each one is separated by a period
through molting its exoskeleton. Insects can undergo none or
many instars until matured to an adult depending on species
and environment. Each new exoskeleton can have a different
shape and appearance after molting. Then hardens a few
hours after. Soft parts remaining (Thorax & Abdomen) of
caterpillars, may expand a limited extent during an instar. All
growth stops when becoming an adult. Understanding instar
development clarifies what species the insect is. A distinct
change in form resulting from molting is called
metamorphosis. The two general types of metamorphosis
predominate, simple metamorphosis, referred as incomplete
or gradual & complete metamorphosis.
Incomplete Metamorphosis - -----Answers---Have three
basic life forms -- egg, nymph & adult. The nymphs typically
pass through three to five instars. Nymphs & adults often live
in the same habitat, with the principal changes during
metamorphosis being size, body proportions, & the
development of wings. Some insects that undergo simple
metamorphosis include grasshoppers & crickets, earwigs, the
"true" bugs (Hemiptera), aphids, & related insects
2|Page
,Complete Metamorphosis - -----Answers---4 basic life
forms-egg, larva, pupa & adult. Caterpillars, maggots &grubs
are typical ex. of larvae. Larval stage has 3-7 instars, during
which they usually feed. Pupal stage (cocoon, puparia,
chrysalid) is a non-feeding stage. During the pupal stage,
insect changes to adult form. Adults are usually winged & may
differ from larvae in many ways: leg type, mouthparts, &
feeding habits. Adults that undergoing complete
metamorphosis are different from Larvae & may be found in
different habitats. Insects that complete metamorphosis:
Butterflies, Moths, Beetles, Flies, & Lacewings
Integrated Pest Management (IPM) - -----Answers---It is the
foundation of successful pest control.
Is based on the recognition of the fact that the most effective,
long-term way to manage pests is by using a combination of
methods.
How IPM is determined - -----Answers---Gathered from a
thorough inspection & diagnosis of a pest problem is used to
prescribe an effective treatment for a particular condition.
IPM Methods - -----Answers---In many situations, pesticide
application may be the best method of control. In other
situations, non-toxic methods such as trapping, sealing food &
reducing moisture can be used more effectively than
pesticides. More often, several types of chemical, mechanical,
& environmental methods are used in combination.
IPM - -----Answers---Habitat adjustments often involve
sanitation efforts to remove sources of food or water pests
3|Page
, need to survive. Thorough sanitation can largely eliminate
many pest problems. Failure to provide effective sanitation can
impede or prevent other pest control techniques, such as
baits, from working effectively. If good sanitation practices are
not being followed by the customer, their importance must be
tactfully explained.
IPM Exclusion - -----Answers---Exclusion to prevent
infestation or re-infestation should be part of any prescription.
Exclusion involves sealing to keep pests out & inspecting new
items before bringing them into the area. Keeping doors,
windows & vents screened & well sealed, caulking cracks &
crevices where utility lines enter or exterior access is
provided, & generally blocking any points of entry are essential
practices that prevent & eliminate pests without using
pesticides
IPM - -----Answers---Effective prescriptions can only be
made after inspection & diagnosis have been completed. The
prescription should include not only what can be done for the
customer, but what the customer can do in the way of
modifying the conditions that created the pest problem,
including such things as better sanitation, moisture control, &
exclusion practices. Environmental factors which limit the
effectiveness of control (i.e. poor sanitation) should be clearly
explained to the customer & steps should be taken to correct
the problems
IPM Pesticide - -----Answers---Pesticides are used
effectively when they supplement other control methods.
When properly prescribed, pesticides target a specific site that
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INSECTS & VERTEBRATES C2 NEWEST ACTUAL 2025/2026
EXAM WITH COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
VERIFIED/GRADED A+/| 100% PASS
Crustaceans - -----Answers---Example: (crayfish, shrimp,
sow bugs, pill bugs)
Five to seven pairs of legs
Two body regions (cephalothorax & abdomen)
Two pairs of antennae
Arachnids - -----Answers---Example: (spiders, ticks, mites,
scorpions)
Four pairs of legs
Two body regions (cephalothorax, abdomen)
No antennae
Diplopods - -----Answers---Example: (millipedes)
Elongate, usually rounded bodies
Many body segments (typically around 50)
Two pairs of legs on most body segments
Chilopods - -----Answers---Example: (centipedes)
Elongate, flattened bodies
Fourteen to twenty body segments
1|Page
,One pair of legs per body segment
Insect Growth - -----Answers---Development for most
insects: Egg by sexual reproduction between Male & Female.
Ants, bees, & aphids can produce eggs without sexual
reproduction known as Asexual reproduction. Eggs can be
fertilized without male sperm. Aphids asexually produced eggs
can hatch inside. Eggs are laid externally by females. Insects
grow through instars, each one is separated by a period
through molting its exoskeleton. Insects can undergo none or
many instars until matured to an adult depending on species
and environment. Each new exoskeleton can have a different
shape and appearance after molting. Then hardens a few
hours after. Soft parts remaining (Thorax & Abdomen) of
caterpillars, may expand a limited extent during an instar. All
growth stops when becoming an adult. Understanding instar
development clarifies what species the insect is. A distinct
change in form resulting from molting is called
metamorphosis. The two general types of metamorphosis
predominate, simple metamorphosis, referred as incomplete
or gradual & complete metamorphosis.
Incomplete Metamorphosis - -----Answers---Have three
basic life forms -- egg, nymph & adult. The nymphs typically
pass through three to five instars. Nymphs & adults often live
in the same habitat, with the principal changes during
metamorphosis being size, body proportions, & the
development of wings. Some insects that undergo simple
metamorphosis include grasshoppers & crickets, earwigs, the
"true" bugs (Hemiptera), aphids, & related insects
2|Page
,Complete Metamorphosis - -----Answers---4 basic life
forms-egg, larva, pupa & adult. Caterpillars, maggots &grubs
are typical ex. of larvae. Larval stage has 3-7 instars, during
which they usually feed. Pupal stage (cocoon, puparia,
chrysalid) is a non-feeding stage. During the pupal stage,
insect changes to adult form. Adults are usually winged & may
differ from larvae in many ways: leg type, mouthparts, &
feeding habits. Adults that undergoing complete
metamorphosis are different from Larvae & may be found in
different habitats. Insects that complete metamorphosis:
Butterflies, Moths, Beetles, Flies, & Lacewings
Integrated Pest Management (IPM) - -----Answers---It is the
foundation of successful pest control.
Is based on the recognition of the fact that the most effective,
long-term way to manage pests is by using a combination of
methods.
How IPM is determined - -----Answers---Gathered from a
thorough inspection & diagnosis of a pest problem is used to
prescribe an effective treatment for a particular condition.
IPM Methods - -----Answers---In many situations, pesticide
application may be the best method of control. In other
situations, non-toxic methods such as trapping, sealing food &
reducing moisture can be used more effectively than
pesticides. More often, several types of chemical, mechanical,
& environmental methods are used in combination.
IPM - -----Answers---Habitat adjustments often involve
sanitation efforts to remove sources of food or water pests
3|Page
, need to survive. Thorough sanitation can largely eliminate
many pest problems. Failure to provide effective sanitation can
impede or prevent other pest control techniques, such as
baits, from working effectively. If good sanitation practices are
not being followed by the customer, their importance must be
tactfully explained.
IPM Exclusion - -----Answers---Exclusion to prevent
infestation or re-infestation should be part of any prescription.
Exclusion involves sealing to keep pests out & inspecting new
items before bringing them into the area. Keeping doors,
windows & vents screened & well sealed, caulking cracks &
crevices where utility lines enter or exterior access is
provided, & generally blocking any points of entry are essential
practices that prevent & eliminate pests without using
pesticides
IPM - -----Answers---Effective prescriptions can only be
made after inspection & diagnosis have been completed. The
prescription should include not only what can be done for the
customer, but what the customer can do in the way of
modifying the conditions that created the pest problem,
including such things as better sanitation, moisture control, &
exclusion practices. Environmental factors which limit the
effectiveness of control (i.e. poor sanitation) should be clearly
explained to the customer & steps should be taken to correct
the problems
IPM Pesticide - -----Answers---Pesticides are used
effectively when they supplement other control methods.
When properly prescribed, pesticides target a specific site that
4|Page
