NR507 -NR 507 MIDTERM EXAM
100 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS VERIFIED AND GRADED
A+
What type of relationship does HR and stroke volume have?
Inverse
-decrease in HR-> longer fill time->increase stroke volume
-increase in HR->shorter fill time->decreased stroke volume
What is the Frank-Starling Law?
The greater the stretch on the myocardial fibers, the greater the force with
which they will contract. (ex. stretching a rubber band).
What is Laplace's law?
When the heart muscle is weak, ventricles are hypertrophied and/or
pulmonary or systemic blood pressure is high
How does blood flow through the heart?
Deoxygenated venous blood → Sup. Vena Cava → Right Atrium →Tricuspid
(AV) →Empties into R. Ventricle (& it contracts) → Blood ejected through
Pulmonary Valve → Pulmonary Artery → Lungs to be Oxygenated →
Pulmonary Veins → L. Atrium → Mitral (AV) → L. Ventricle (pumps with each
contraction) → Aortic Valve → Aorta → Body
,What is systole?
Contraction of the heart which pumps blood
Diastole
Relaxation of the heart
What produces S1 and S2 sound?
closing of the heart valves
What produces S1?
The mitral and tricuspid valves which close in systole
What produces S2 sound?
The closing of the aortic and pulmonic valves in diastole
What is cardiac output?
the volume of blood pumped out by each ventricle per minute
What is stroke volume?
, amount of blood pumped out by each ventricle with contraction
What determines cardiac output?
stroke volume and heart rate
What is preload?
the degree of stretch on the heart before it contracts, related to ventricular
filling, end diastolic pressure, amount of blood entering the ventricle during
diastole
What is afterload?
resistance left ventricle must overcome to circulate blood
What is contractility?
Normal ability of muscle to contract at a given force for a given stretch. It is
independent of preload/afterload
Will sustained tachycardia result in increased or decreased stroke volume?
Decreased
What conditions can result in decreased contractility?
Ischemia, acidosis, cardiomyopathy
100 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS VERIFIED AND GRADED
A+
What type of relationship does HR and stroke volume have?
Inverse
-decrease in HR-> longer fill time->increase stroke volume
-increase in HR->shorter fill time->decreased stroke volume
What is the Frank-Starling Law?
The greater the stretch on the myocardial fibers, the greater the force with
which they will contract. (ex. stretching a rubber band).
What is Laplace's law?
When the heart muscle is weak, ventricles are hypertrophied and/or
pulmonary or systemic blood pressure is high
How does blood flow through the heart?
Deoxygenated venous blood → Sup. Vena Cava → Right Atrium →Tricuspid
(AV) →Empties into R. Ventricle (& it contracts) → Blood ejected through
Pulmonary Valve → Pulmonary Artery → Lungs to be Oxygenated →
Pulmonary Veins → L. Atrium → Mitral (AV) → L. Ventricle (pumps with each
contraction) → Aortic Valve → Aorta → Body
,What is systole?
Contraction of the heart which pumps blood
Diastole
Relaxation of the heart
What produces S1 and S2 sound?
closing of the heart valves
What produces S1?
The mitral and tricuspid valves which close in systole
What produces S2 sound?
The closing of the aortic and pulmonic valves in diastole
What is cardiac output?
the volume of blood pumped out by each ventricle per minute
What is stroke volume?
, amount of blood pumped out by each ventricle with contraction
What determines cardiac output?
stroke volume and heart rate
What is preload?
the degree of stretch on the heart before it contracts, related to ventricular
filling, end diastolic pressure, amount of blood entering the ventricle during
diastole
What is afterload?
resistance left ventricle must overcome to circulate blood
What is contractility?
Normal ability of muscle to contract at a given force for a given stretch. It is
independent of preload/afterload
Will sustained tachycardia result in increased or decreased stroke volume?
Decreased
What conditions can result in decreased contractility?
Ischemia, acidosis, cardiomyopathy
