Exam 3 NSG 830 with verified answers

Exam 3 NSG 830 with verified answers
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Antiplatelets prevent _______ thrombosis |\ |\ |\




arterial




Anticoagulants prevent ______ thrombosis |\ |\ |\




venous




Anticoagulants: Reduce formation of _____. _____ inhibits the |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


synthesis of clotting factors including factor X and thrombin. All
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others inhibit clotting factors Xa, thrombin, or both
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fibrin, Warfarin inhibits synthesis of clotting factors while all
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others inhibit the activity of clotting factors
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Heparin inactivates 2 major clotting factors - what are they?
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how?
thrombin, Xa - they greatly enhance the activity of antithrombin
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which inactivates thrombin and Xa, 2 major clotting factors - in
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absence of these, production of fibrin is reduced and clotting is
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supressed.

,Anticoagulants: Which type of heparin requires aPTT monitoring
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Unfractionated




Anticoagulants: Which types of heparin have fixed dosages?
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LMW, Fondaparinux
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aPTT should be 1.5-2 times baseline. Baseline is typically
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40




Preferred anticoagulant for pregnancy
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Heparin




Preferred anticoagulant for emergencies like PE and DVT
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Heparin




Heparin: Low dose therapy for post op venous _____. May be
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useful in treating _____. Also adjunct to thrombolytic therapy of
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acute ____.
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thrombosis, DIC, MI |\ |\

,Heparin: AE- Principal complication of treatment ______. Monitor
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closely. _____ BP, _____ HR, bruises, petechiae, hematomas,
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black/red stool, cloudy or ____ urine, pelvic pain, headaches,
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faintness, lumbar pain. If this happens _____.|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\




bleeding, decreased, increased, discolored, d/c med
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Heparin: Risk of hemorrhage can be decreased in many ways. 1.
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Control dose so that aPTT does not exceed ______ control value.
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2. Screen for risk factors. 3. Avoid ______ drugs.
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2x, antiplatelet
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Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT): Characterized by ____ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


platelet counts and ____ in thrombotic events.
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decreased, increase |\




HIT: thrombus formation poses a risk for ____, ____, cerebral
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thrombosis, and MI. Ischemic injury second to thrombosis in limbs
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may require amputation
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DVT, PE |\




Primary tx for HIT: _____ Heparin and if anticoagulation is needed
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give nonheparin anticoag _______.. monitor for how long?
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, d/c, Argatroban
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platelet counts 2-3 x/week during first 3 weeks of heparin use,
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monthly after - stop if platelet count below 100,000
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Argatroban is the primary treatment if anticoagulation is needed
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in:
HIT




HIT: Suspect when platelet count _____ or when thrombosis
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happens despite adequate anticoagulation
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falls




HIT Monitoring: Platelets _____/week for first ___ weeks and then
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monthly after. |\




2-3, 3 |\




HIT: If severe thrombocytopenia (platelets below______) d/c
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heparin
100,000