HOSA Nutrition Digestion, Absorption, and
Metabolism ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
Metabolism - Correct answers✔✔The use of food as fuel, resulting in energy
Digestion - Correct answers✔✔the process whereby food is broken down into smaller parts,
chemically changed, and moved through the gastrointestinal system in order for the body to
prepare for absorption
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract consists of - Correct answers✔✔the body structures that
participate in digestion. Along with it secretions of mucus lubricate and protect the mucosal
tissues.
Digestion begins and ends where - Correct answers✔✔in the mouth and anus.
Digestion occurs through two types of action - Correct answers✔✔mechanical and chemical.
Mechanical digestion - Correct answers✔✔food is broken into smaller pieces by the teeth. It is
then moved along the Gl tract through the esophagus, stomach, and intestines through peristalsis.
helps to prepare food for chemical digestion by breaking it into smaller pieces. Several small
pieces collectively have more surface area than fewer large ones and thus are more readily
broken down by digestive juices.
Peristalsis - Correct answers✔✔movement is caused by a rhythmic contraction of the muscular
walls of the tract
,chemical digestion - Correct answers✔✔the composition of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats is
changed. Chemical changes occur through the addition of water and the resulting splitting, or
breaking down, of the food molecules, this process is called hydrolysis. Food is broken down
into nutrients that the tissues can absorb and use.
Digestive enzymes - Correct answers✔✔act on food substances, causing them to break down
into simple compounds, components of hydrolysis. can also act as a catalyst, which speeds up the
chemical reactions without itself being changed in the process. Secreted by the mouth, stomach,
pancreas, and small intestine
Mouth cavity - Correct answers✔✔Teeth and tongue begin mechanical digestion by breaking
food into smaller pieces.
Salivary glands - Correct answers✔✔Saliva moistens food and begins chemical digestion as
salivary amylase digests carbohydrate.
Esophagus - Correct answers✔✔Peristalsis and gravity move food along.
Cardiac sphincter - Correct answers✔✔The valve between the end of the esophagus and the
stomach that prevents gastric reflux from moving into the esophagus
Liver - Correct answers✔✔Produces bile to aid digestion. Filters blood, metabolizes nutrients,
and detoxifies substances.
Stomach - Correct answers✔✔Churns foods as hydrochloric acid is secreted to activate enzymes
and destroy bacteria. Mucus released to protect stomach
Gallbladder - Correct answers✔✔Stores bile and protects the stomach. releases it into the small
intestine to emulsify fats.
, Pyloric sphincter - Correct answers✔✔Circular. muscle tissue that acts as a value between the
stomach and duodenum.
Small intestine - Correct answers✔✔Duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. Completes digestion as
nutrients are absorbed into blood and lymph.
Pancreas - Correct answers✔✔Produces enzymes for the small intestine to break down starch,
fats, and protein.
Large intestine (colon) - Correct answers✔✔Ascending, transverse, and descending Absorbs
water and some other nutrients and collects food residue for excretion.
Ileocecal valve - Correct answers✔✔A muscle valve that separates the small intestine and the
large intestine.
Sigmoid colon - Correct answers✔✔Part of the colon that connects the descending colon to the
rectum
Rectum - Correct answers✔✔Stores waste prior to elimination.
Anus - Correct answers✔✔Holds rectum closed and then opens for elimination.
Salivary Amylase (Secreted by Mouth) - Correct answers✔✔acts upon starch
Pepsin (Secreted by Stomach) - Correct answers✔✔acts upon proteins
Metabolism ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
Metabolism - Correct answers✔✔The use of food as fuel, resulting in energy
Digestion - Correct answers✔✔the process whereby food is broken down into smaller parts,
chemically changed, and moved through the gastrointestinal system in order for the body to
prepare for absorption
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract consists of - Correct answers✔✔the body structures that
participate in digestion. Along with it secretions of mucus lubricate and protect the mucosal
tissues.
Digestion begins and ends where - Correct answers✔✔in the mouth and anus.
Digestion occurs through two types of action - Correct answers✔✔mechanical and chemical.
Mechanical digestion - Correct answers✔✔food is broken into smaller pieces by the teeth. It is
then moved along the Gl tract through the esophagus, stomach, and intestines through peristalsis.
helps to prepare food for chemical digestion by breaking it into smaller pieces. Several small
pieces collectively have more surface area than fewer large ones and thus are more readily
broken down by digestive juices.
Peristalsis - Correct answers✔✔movement is caused by a rhythmic contraction of the muscular
walls of the tract
,chemical digestion - Correct answers✔✔the composition of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats is
changed. Chemical changes occur through the addition of water and the resulting splitting, or
breaking down, of the food molecules, this process is called hydrolysis. Food is broken down
into nutrients that the tissues can absorb and use.
Digestive enzymes - Correct answers✔✔act on food substances, causing them to break down
into simple compounds, components of hydrolysis. can also act as a catalyst, which speeds up the
chemical reactions without itself being changed in the process. Secreted by the mouth, stomach,
pancreas, and small intestine
Mouth cavity - Correct answers✔✔Teeth and tongue begin mechanical digestion by breaking
food into smaller pieces.
Salivary glands - Correct answers✔✔Saliva moistens food and begins chemical digestion as
salivary amylase digests carbohydrate.
Esophagus - Correct answers✔✔Peristalsis and gravity move food along.
Cardiac sphincter - Correct answers✔✔The valve between the end of the esophagus and the
stomach that prevents gastric reflux from moving into the esophagus
Liver - Correct answers✔✔Produces bile to aid digestion. Filters blood, metabolizes nutrients,
and detoxifies substances.
Stomach - Correct answers✔✔Churns foods as hydrochloric acid is secreted to activate enzymes
and destroy bacteria. Mucus released to protect stomach
Gallbladder - Correct answers✔✔Stores bile and protects the stomach. releases it into the small
intestine to emulsify fats.
, Pyloric sphincter - Correct answers✔✔Circular. muscle tissue that acts as a value between the
stomach and duodenum.
Small intestine - Correct answers✔✔Duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. Completes digestion as
nutrients are absorbed into blood and lymph.
Pancreas - Correct answers✔✔Produces enzymes for the small intestine to break down starch,
fats, and protein.
Large intestine (colon) - Correct answers✔✔Ascending, transverse, and descending Absorbs
water and some other nutrients and collects food residue for excretion.
Ileocecal valve - Correct answers✔✔A muscle valve that separates the small intestine and the
large intestine.
Sigmoid colon - Correct answers✔✔Part of the colon that connects the descending colon to the
rectum
Rectum - Correct answers✔✔Stores waste prior to elimination.
Anus - Correct answers✔✔Holds rectum closed and then opens for elimination.
Salivary Amylase (Secreted by Mouth) - Correct answers✔✔acts upon starch
Pepsin (Secreted by Stomach) - Correct answers✔✔acts upon proteins
